Guidelines

Management of Non-neurogenic Male LUTS

7. REFERENCES

1.Phillips, B. Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence. Updated by Jeremy Howick March 2009. 1998.

https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/resources/levels-of-evidence/oxford-centre-for-evidence-based-medicine-levels-of-evidence-march-2009

2.Guyatt, G.H., et al. Going from evidence to recommendations. Bmj, 2008. 336: 1049.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18467413

3.Abrams, P., et al. The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Neurourol Urodyn, 2002. 21: 167.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11857671

4.Martin, S.A., et al. Prevalence and factors associated with uncomplicated storage and voiding lower urinary tract symptoms in community-dwelling Australian men. World J Urol, 2011. 29: 179.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20963421

5.Société Internationale d’Urologie (SIU), Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS): An International Consultation on Male LUTS. , C. Chapple, P. Abrams, Editors. 2013.

6.Kupelian, V., et al. Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms and effect on quality of life in a racially and ethnically diverse random sample: the Boston Area Community Health (BACH) Survey. Arch Intern Med, 2006. 166: 2381.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17130393

7.Agarwal, A., et al. What is the most bothersome lower urinary tract symptom? Individual- and population-level perspectives for both men and women. Eur Urol, 2014. 65: 1211.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24486308

8.De Ridder, D., et al. Urgency and other lower urinary tract symptoms in men aged >/= 40 years: a Belgian epidemiological survey using the ICIQ-MLUTS questionnaire. Int J Clin Pract, 2015. 69: 358.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25648652

9.Taub, D.A., et al. The economics of benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms in the United States. Curr Urol Rep, 2006. 7: 272.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16930498

10.Gacci, M., et al. Metabolic syndrome and benign prostatic enlargement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJU Int, 2015. 115: 24.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24602293

11.Gacci, M., et al. Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol, 2016. 70: 788.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27451136

12.Kogan, M.I., et al. Epidemiology and impact of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and other lower urinary tract symptoms: results of the EPIC survey in Russia, Czech Republic, and Turkey. Curr Med Res Opin, 2014. 30: 2119.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24932562

13.Chapple, C.R., et al. Lower urinary tract symptoms revisited: a broader clinical perspective. Eur Urol, 2008. 54: 563.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18423969

14.Ficarra, V., et al. The role of inflammation in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and its potential impact on medical therapy. Curr Urol Rep, 2014. 15: 463.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25312251

15.He, Q., et al. Metabolic syndrome, inflammation and lower urinary tract symptoms: possible translational links. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis, 2016. 19: 7.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26391088

16.Drake, M.J. Do we need a new definition of the overactive bladder syndrome? ICI-RS 2013. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 2014. 33: 622.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24838519

17.Chapple, C.R., et al. Terminology report from the International Continence Society (ICS) Working Group on Underactive Bladder (UAB). Neurourol Urodyn, 2018. 37: 2928.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30203560

18.Novara, G., et al. Critical Review of Guidelines for BPH Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy. European Urology Supplements, 2006. 5: 418.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eursup.2006.02.005

19.McVary, K.T., et al. Update on AUA guideline on the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol, 2011. 185: 1793.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21420124

20.Bosch, J., et al. Etiology, Patient Assessment and Predicting Outcome from Therapy. International Consultation on Urological Diseases Male LUTS Guideline 2013. . 2013 (in press).

https://snucm.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/lower-urinary-tract-symptoms-in-men-male-luts-etiology-patient-as

21.Martin, R.M., et al. Lower urinary tract symptoms and risk of prostate cancer: the HUNT 2 Cohort, Norway. Int J Cancer, 2008. 123: 1924.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18661522

22.Young, J.M., et al. Are men with lower urinary tract symptoms at increased risk of prostate cancer? A systematic review and critique of the available evidence. BJU Int, 2000. 85: 1037.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10848691

23.Bright, E., et al. Urinary diaries: evidence for the development and validation of diary content, format, and duration. Neurourol Urodyn, 2011. 30: 348.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21284023

24.De Nunzio, C., et al. Erectile Dysfunction and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Eur Urol Focus, 2017. 3: 352.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29191671

25.Barqawi, A.B., et al. Methods of developing UWIN, the modified American Urological Association symptom score. J Urol, 2011. 186: 940.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21791346

26.Barry, M.J., et al. The American Urological Association symptom index for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Measurement Committee of the American Urological Association. J Urol, 1992. 148: 1549.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1279218

27.Donovan, J.L., et al. Scoring the short form ICSmaleSF questionnaire. International Continence Society. J Urol, 2000. 164: 1948.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11061889

28.Epstein, R.S., et al. Validation of a new quality of life questionnaire for benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Clin Epidemiol, 1992. 45: 1431.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1281223

29.Homma, Y., et al. Symptom assessment tool for overactive bladder syndrome--overactive bladder symptom score. Urology, 2006. 68: 318.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16904444

30.Schou, J., et al. The value of a new symptom score (DAN-PSS) in diagnosing uro-dynamic infravesical obstruction in BPH. Scand J Urol Nephrol, 1993. 27: 489.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7512747

31.Homma, Y., et al. Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom score (CLSS) questionnaire: a reliable tool in the overall assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms. Int J Urol, 2008. 15: 816.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18657204

32.D’Silva, K.A., et al. Does this man with lower urinary tract symptoms have bladder outlet obstruction?: The Rational Clinical Examination: a systematic review. JAMA, 2014. 312: 535.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25096693

33.ICIQ. International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Module (ICIQ-MLUTS). 2022. 2022.

https://iciq.net/iciq-mluts-lf

34.Ito, H., et al. Grading Severity and Bother Using the International Prostate Symptom Score and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Score in Men Seeking Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Therapy. J Urol, 2020. 204: 1003.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32469267

35.Glaser, A.P., et al. The 10-item LURN Symptom Index (LURN SI-10) Detects Additional Symptoms and Shows Convergent Validity With the IPSS in Men Presenting With Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Urology, 2023. 171: 184.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36370771

36.Bryan, N.P., et al. Frequency volume charts in the assessment and evaluation of treatment: how should we use them? Eur Urol, 2004. 46: 636.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15474275

37.Gisolf, K.W., et al. Analysis and reliability of data from 24-hour frequency-volume charts in men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur Urol, 2000. 38: 45.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10859441

38.Cornu, J.N., et al. A contemporary assessment of nocturia: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management--a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol, 2012. 62: 877.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22840350

39.Weiss, J.P. Nocturia: “do the math”. J Urol, 2006. 175: S16.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16458734

40.Weiss, J.P., et al. Nocturia Think Tank: focus on nocturnal polyuria: ICI-RS 2011. Neurourol Urodyn, 2012. 31: 330.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22415907

41.Vaughan, C.P., et al. Military exposure and urinary incontinence among American men. J Urol, 2014. 191: 125.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23871759

42.Yap, T.L., et al. A systematic review of the reliability of frequency-volume charts in urological research and its implications for the optimum chart duration. BJU Int, 2007. 99: 9.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16956355

43.Bright, E., et al. Developing and validating the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire bladder diary. Eur Urol, 2014. 66: 294.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24647230

44.Weissfeld, J.L., et al. Quality control of cancer screening examination procedures in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Control Clin Trials, 2000. 21: 390s.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11189690

45.Roehrborn, C.G. Accurate determination of prostate size via digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound. Urology, 1998. 51: 19.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9586592

46.Roehrborn, C.G., et al. Interexaminer reliability and validity of a three-dimensional model to assess prostate volume by digital rectal examination. Urology, 2001. 57: 1087.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11377314

47.Bosch, J.L., et al. Validity of digital rectal examination and serum prostate specific antigen in the estimation of prostate volume in community-based men aged 50 to 78 years: the Krimpen Study. Eur Urol, 2004. 46: 753.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15548443

48.Babjuk, M., et al. EAU Guidelines on Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Edn. presented at EAU Annual Congress, MIlan, 2021. . Eur Urol, 2021. 63: 36.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22981672

49.Bonkat, G., et al. EAU Guidelines on Urological Infections Edn. presented at EAU Annual Congress, Milan, 2023. 2021.

http://www.uroweb.org/guidelines/online-guidelines/

50.Palou, J., et al. ICUD-EAU International Consultation on Bladder Cancer 2012: Urothelial carcinoma of the prostate. Eur Urol, 2013. 63: 81.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22938869

51.Roupret, M., et al. EAU Guidelines on Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Cell Carcinoma Edn. presented at EAU Annual Congress, Milan, 2021. Eur Urol, 2021. 63: 1059.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23540953

52.Roehrborn, C.G., et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a comparative, international overview. Urology, 2001. 58: 642.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11711329

53.Abrams, P., et al. Evaluation and treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in older men. J Urol, 2013. 189: S93.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23234640

54.Medicine., E.C.o.L. European urinalysis guidelines. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl, 2000. 231: 1.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12647764

55.Khasriya, R., et al. The inadequacy of urinary dipstick and microscopy as surrogate markers of urinary tract infection in urological outpatients with lower urinary tract symptoms without acute frequency and dysuria. J Urol, 2010. 183: 1843.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20303096

56.Roehrborn, C.G., et al. Serum prostate-specific antigen as a predictor of prostate volume in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology, 1999. 53: 581.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10096388

57.Bohnen, A.M., et al. Serum prostate-specific antigen as a predictor of prostate volume in the community: the Krimpen study. Eur Urol, 2007. 51: 1645.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17320271

58.Kayikci, A., et al. Free prostate-specific antigen is a better tool than total prostate-specific antigen at predicting prostate volume in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Urology, 2012. 80: 1088.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23107399

59.Morote, J., et al. Prediction of prostate volume based on total and free serum prostate-specific antigen: is it reliable? Eur Urol, 2000. 38: 91.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10859448

60.Mottet, N., et al., EAU Guidelines on prostate cancer. Edn. presented at the EAU Annual Congress Milan. 2021.

https://uroweb.org/guideline/prostate-cancer/

61.Roehrborn, C.G., et al. Serum prostate specific antigen is a strong predictor of future prostate growth in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. PROSCAR long-term efficacy and safety study. J Urol, 2000. 163: 13.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10604304

62.Roehrborn, C.G., et al. Serum prostate-specific antigen and prostate volume predict long-term changes in symptoms and flow rate: results of a four-year, randomized trial comparing finasteride versus placebo. PLESS Study Group. Urology, 1999. 54: 662.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10510925

63.Djavan, B., et al. Longitudinal study of men with mild symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction treated with watchful waiting for four years. Urology, 2004. 64: 1144.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15596187

64.Patel, D.N., et al. PSA predicts development of incident lower urinary tract symptoms: results from the REDUCE study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis, 2018. 21: 238.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29795141

65.McConnell, J.D., et al. The long-term effect of doxazosin, finasteride, and combination therapy on the clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Engl J Med, 2003. 349: 2387.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14681504

66.Roehrborn, C.G. Alfuzosin 10 mg once daily prevents overall clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia but not acute urinary retention: results of a 2-year placebo-controlled study. BJU Int, 2006. 97: 734.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16536764

67.Jacobsen, S.J., et al. Treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia among community dwelling men: the Olmsted County study of urinary symptoms and health status. J Urol, 1999. 162: 1301.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10492184

68.Lim, K.B., et al. Comparison of intravesical prostatic protrusion, prostate volume and serum prostatic-specific antigen in the evaluation of bladder outlet obstruction. Int J Urol, 2006. 13: 1509.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17118026

69.Meigs, J.B., et al. Risk factors for clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia in a community-based population of healthy aging men. J Clin Epidemiol, 2001. 54: 935.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11520654

70.Gerber, G.S., et al. Serum creatinine measurements in men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology, 1997. 49: 697.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9145973

71.Oelke, M., et al. Can we identify men who will have complications from benign prostatic obstruction (BPO)? ICI-RS 2011. Neurourol Urodyn, 2012. 31: 322.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22415947

72.Comiter, C.V., et al. Urodynamic risk factors for renal dysfunction in men with obstructive and nonobstructive voiding dysfunction. J Urol, 1997. 158: 181.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9186351

73.Koch, W.F., et al. The outcome of renal ultrasound in the assessment of 556 consecutive patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol, 1996. 155: 186.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7490828

74.Rule, A.D., et al. The association between benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic kidney disease in community-dwelling men. Kidney Int, 2005. 67: 2376.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15882282

75.Hong, S.K., et al. Chronic kidney disease among men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. BJU Int, 2010. 105: 1424.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19874305

76.Lee, J.H., et al. Relationship of estimated glomerular filtration rate with lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia measures in middle-aged men with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms. Urology, 2013. 82: 1381.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24063940

77.Mebust, W.K., et al. Transurethral prostatectomy: immediate and postoperative complications. A cooperative study of 13 participating institutions evaluating 3,885 patients. J Urol, 1989. 141: 243.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2643719

78.Rule, A.D., et al. Longitudinal changes in post-void residual and voided volume among community dwelling men. J Urol, 2005. 174: 1317.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16145411

79.Sullivan, M.P., et al. Detrusor contractility and compliance characteristics in adult male patients with obstructive and nonobstructive voiding dysfunction. J Urol, 1996. 155: 1995.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8618307

80.Oelke, M., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive tests to evaluate bladder outlet obstruction in men: detrusor wall thickness, uroflowmetry, postvoid residual urine, and prostate volume. Eur Urol, 2007. 52: 827.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17207910

81.Emberton, M. Definition of at-risk patients: dynamic variables. BJU Int, 2006. 97 Suppl 2: 12.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16507047

82.Mochtar, C.A., et al. Post-void residual urine volume is not a good predictor of the need for invasive therapy among patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol, 2006. 175: 213.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16406914

83.Abrams, P. Bladder outlet obstruction index, bladder contractility index and bladder voiding efficiency: three simple indices to define bladder voiding function. BJU Int, 1999. 84: 14.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10444116

84.Nitti, V.W. Pressure flow urodynamic studies: the gold standard for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction. Rev Urol, 2005. 7 Suppl 6: S14.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16986024

85.Rubilotta, E., et al. Post-void residual urine ratio: A novel clinical approach to the post-void residual urine in the assessment of males with lower urinary tract symptoms. Investig Clin Urol, 2021. 62: 470.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34085789

86.Jorgensen, J.B., et al. Age-related variation in urinary flow variables and flow curve patterns in elderly males. Br J Urol, 1992. 69: 265.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1373664

87.Kranse, R., et al. Causes for variability in repeated pressure-flow measurements. Urology, 2003. 61: 930.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12736007

88.Reynard, J.M., et al. The ICS-’BPH’ Study: uroflowmetry, lower urinary tract symptoms and bladder outlet obstruction. Br J Urol, 1998. 82: 619.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9839573

89.Idzenga, T., et al. Accuracy of maximum flow rate for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction can be estimated from the ICS nomogram. Neurourol Urodyn, 2008. 27: 97.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17600368

90.Siroky, M.B., et al. The flow rate nomogram: I. Development. J Urol, 1979. 122: 665.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/159366

91.Siroky, M.B., et al. The flow rate nomogram: II. Clinical correlation. J Urol, 1980. 123: 208.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7354519

92.Reynard, J.M., et al. The value of multiple free-flow studies in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Br J Urol, 1996. 77: 813.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8705213

93.Lee, H.J., et al. Development and Validation of a Deep Learning System for Sound-based Prediction of Urinary Flow. Eur Urol Focus, 2023. 9: 209.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35835694

94.Grossfeld, G.D., et al. Benign prostatic hyperplasia: clinical overview and value of diagnostic imaging. Radiol Clin North Am, 2000. 38: 31.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10664665

95.Thorpe, A., et al. Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Lancet, 2003. 361: 1359.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12711484

96.Wilkinson, A.G., et al. Is pre-operative imaging of the urinary tract worthwhile in the assessment of prostatism? Br J Urol, 1992. 70: 53.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1379105

97.Loch, A.C., et al. Technical and anatomical essentials for transrectal ultrasound of the prostate. World J Urol, 2007. 25: 361.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17701043

98.Stravodimos, K.G., et al. TRUS versus transabdominal ultrasound as a predictor of enucleated adenoma weight in patients with BPH: a tool for standard preoperative work-up? Int Urol Nephrol, 2009. 41: 767.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19350408

99.Shoukry, I., et al. Role of uroflowmetry in the assessment of lower urinary tract obstruction in adult males. Br J Urol, 1975. 47: 559.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1191927

100.Anikwe, R.M. Correlations between clinical findings and urinary flow rate in benign prostatic hypertrophy. Int Surg, 1976. 61: 392.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/61184

101.el Din, K.E., et al. The correlation between bladder outlet obstruction and lower urinary tract symptoms as measured by the international prostate symptom score. J Urol, 1996. 156: 1020.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8709300

102.Griffiths, D., et al. Standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function: pressure-flow studies of voiding, urethral resistance, and urethral obstruction. International Continence Society Subcommittee on Standardization of Terminology of Pressure-Flow Studies. Neurourol Urodyn, 1997. 16: 1.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9021786

103.Abrams, P., et al. Fourth International Consultation on Incontinence Recommendations of the International Scientific Committee: Evaluation and treatment of urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and fecal incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn, 2010. 29: 213.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20025020

104.Oelke, M., et al. Age and bladder outlet obstruction are independently associated with detrusor overactivity in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur Urol, 2008. 54: 419.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18325657

105.Oh, M.M., et al. Is there a correlation between the presence of idiopathic detrusor overactivity and the degree of bladder outlet obstruction? Urology, 2011. 77: 167.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20934743

106.Jeong, S.J., et al. Prevalence and Clinical Features of Detrusor Underactivity among Elderly with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Comparison between Men and Women. Korean J Urol, 2012. 53: 342.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22670194

107.Thomas, A.W., et al. The natural history of lower urinary tract dysfunction in men: the influence of detrusor underactivity on the outcome after transurethral resection of the prostate with a minimum 10-year urodynamic follow-up. BJU Int, 2004. 93: 745.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15049984

108.Al-Hayek, S., et al. Natural history of detrusor contractility--minimum ten-year urodynamic follow-up in men with bladder outlet obstruction and those with detrusor. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl, 2004: 101.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15545204

109.Thomas, A.W., et al. The natural history of lower urinary tract dysfunction in men: minimum 10-year urodynamic followup of transurethral resection of prostate for bladder outlet obstruction. J Urol, 2005. 174: 1887.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16217330

110.Drake, M.J., et al. Diagnostic Assessment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men Considering Prostate Surgery: A Noninferiority Randomised Controlled Trial of Urodynamics in 26 Hospitals. Eur Urol, 2020. 78: 701.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32616406

111.Lebani, B.R., et al. The role of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) in patients with underactive bladder: 12 months follow-up in different grades of detrusor contractility. Prostate, 2023. 83: 857.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36945749

112.Aiello, M., et al. Quality control of uroflowmetry and urodynamic data from two large multicenter studies of male lower urinary tract symptoms. Neurourol Urodyn, 2020. 39: 1170.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32187720

113.Young, G.J., et al. Prostate Surgery for Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Do We Need Urodynamics to Find the Right Candidates? Exploratory Findings from the UPSTREAM Trial. Eur Urol Focus, 2021. 8: 1331.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34922898

114.Young, G.J., et al. Prostate Surgery for Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Do We Need Urodynamics to Find the Right Candidates? Exploratory Findings from the UPSTREAM Trial. Eur Urol Focus, 2022. 8: 1331.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34922898

115.Blok, B., et al. EAU Guidelines on Neuro-urology Edn. presented at the EAU Annual Congress, Milan, 2021. Eur Urol, 2021. 56: 81.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19403235

116.Kojima, M., et al. Correlation of presumed circle area ratio with infravesical obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Urology, 1997. 50: 548.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9338730

117.Chia, S.J., et al. Correlation of intravesical prostatic protrusion with bladder outlet obstruction. BJU Int, 2003. 91: 371.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12603417

118.Tan, Y.G., et al. A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis of Transabdominal Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion Assessment in Determining Bladder Outlet Obstruction and Unsuccessful Trial Without Catheter. Eur Urol Focus, 2022. 8: 1003.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34561198

119.Keqin, Z., et al. Clinical significance of intravesical prostatic protrusion in patients with benign prostatic enlargement. Urology, 2007. 70: 1096.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18158025

120.Mariappan, P., et al. Intravesical prostatic protrusion is better than prostate volume in predicting the outcome of trial without catheter in white men presenting with acute urinary retention: a prospective clinical study. J Urol, 2007. 178: 573.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17570437

121.Tan, Y.H., et al. Intravesical prostatic protrusion predicts the outcome of a trial without catheter following acute urine retention. J Urol, 2003. 170: 2339.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14634410

122.Arnolds, M., et al. Positioning invasive versus noninvasive urodynamics in the assessment of bladder outlet obstruction. Curr Opin Urol, 2009. 19: 55.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19057217

123.Manieri, C., et al. The diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction in men by ultrasound measurement of bladder wall thickness. J Urol, 1998. 159: 761.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9474143

124.Kessler, T.M., et al. Ultrasound assessment of detrusor thickness in men-can it predict bladder outlet obstruction and replace pressure flow study? J Urol, 2006. 175: 2170.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16697831

125.Cheng, Y., et al. The diagnostic value of non-invasive methods for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: A meta-analysis. Front Surg, 2022. 9: 986679.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36338622

126.Blatt, A.H., et al. Ultrasound measurement of bladder wall thickness in the assessment of voiding dysfunction. J Urol, 2008. 179: 2275.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18423703

127.Oelke, M. International Consultation on Incontinence-Research Society (ICI-RS) report on non-invasive urodynamics: the need of standardization of ultrasound bladder and detrusor wall thickness measurements to quantify bladder wall hypertrophy. Neurourol Urodyn, 2010. 29: 634.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20432327

128.Kojima, M., et al. Ultrasonic estimation of bladder weight as a measure of bladder hypertrophy in men with infravesical obstruction: a preliminary report. Urology, 1996. 47: 942.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8677600

129.Kojima, M., et al. Noninvasive quantitative estimation of infravesical obstruction using ultrasonic measurement of bladder weight. J Urol, 1997. 157: 476.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8996337

130.Akino, H., et al. Ultrasound-estimated bladder weight predicts risk of surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia in men using alpha-adrenoceptor blocker for LUTS. Urology, 2008. 72: 817.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18597835

131.McIntosh, S.L., et al. Noninvasive assessment of bladder contractility in men. J Urol, 2004. 172: 1394.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15371853

132.Drinnan, M.J., et al. Inter-observer agreement in the estimation of bladder pressure using a penile cuff. Neurourol Urodyn, 2003. 22: 296.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12808703

133.Griffiths, C.J., et al. A nomogram to classify men with lower urinary tract symptoms using urine flow and noninvasive measurement of bladder pressure. J Urol, 2005. 174: 1323.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16145412

134.Clarkson, B., et al. Continuous non-invasive measurement of bladder voiding pressure using an experimental constant low-flow test. Neurourol Urodyn, 2012. 31: 557.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22190105

135.Khosla, L., et al. Use of the penile cuff test to diagnose bladder outlet obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Low Urin Tract Symptoms, 2022. 14: 318.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35716000

136.Van Mastrigt, R., et al. Towards a noninvasive urodynamic diagnosis of infravesical obstruction. BJU Int, 1999. 84: 195.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10444152

137.Pel, J.J., et al. Development of a non-invasive strategy to classify bladder outlet obstruction in male patients with LUTS. Neurourol Urodyn, 2002. 21: 117.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11857664

138.Shinbo, H., et al. Application of ultrasonography and the resistive index for evaluating bladder outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Curr Urol Rep, 2011. 12: 255.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21475953

139.Ku, J.H., et al. Correlation between prostatic urethral angle and bladder outlet obstruction index in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Urology, 2010. 75: 1467.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19962734

140.Malde, S., et al. Systematic Review of the Performance of Noninvasive Tests in Diagnosing Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Eur Urol, 2016. 71: 391.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27687821

141.Cicione, A., et al. Post-voided residual urine ratio as a predictor of bladder outlet obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: development of a clinical nomogram. World J Urol, 2023. 41: 521.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36527471

142.Els, M., et al. Prospective comparison of the novel visual prostate symptom score (VPSS) versus the international prostate symptom score (IPSS), and assessment of patient pain perception with regard to transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. Int Braz J Urol, 2019. 45: 137.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30620160

143.Sanman, K.N., et al. Can new, improvised Visual Prostate Symptom Score replace the International Prostate Symptom Score? Indian perspective. Indian J Urol, 2020. 36: 123.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32549664

144.Greco, F., et al. The Potential Role of MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol Focus, 2019. 5: 497.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29398458

145.Ball, A.J., et al. The natural history of untreated “prostatism”. Br J Urol, 1981. 53: 613.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6172172

146.Kirby, R.S. The natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia: what have we learned in the last decade? Urology, 2000. 56: 3.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11074195

147.Isaacs, J.T. Importance of the natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the evaluation of pharmacologic intervention. Prostate Suppl, 1990. 3: 1.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1689166

148.Netto, N.R., Jr., et al. Evaluation of patients with bladder outlet obstruction and mild international prostate symptom score followed up by watchful waiting. Urology, 1999. 53: 314.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9933046

149.Flanigan, R.C., et al. 5-year outcome of surgical resection and watchful waiting for men with moderately symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: a Department of Veterans Affairs cooperative study. J Urol, 1998. 160: 12.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9628595

150.Wasson, J.H., et al. A comparison of transurethral surgery with watchful waiting for moderate symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Transurethral Resection of the Prostate. N Engl J Med, 1995. 332: 75.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7527493

151.Brown, C.T., et al. Self management for men with lower urinary tract symptoms: randomised controlled trial. Bmj, 2007. 334: 25.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17118949

152.Yap, T.L., et al. The impact of self-management of lower urinary tract symptoms on frequency-volume chart measures. BJU Int, 2009. 104: 1104.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19485993

153.Albarqouni, L., et al. Self-Management for Men With Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Fam Med, 2021. 19: 157.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33685877

154.Brown, C.T., et al. Defining the components of a self-management programme for men with uncomplicated lower urinary tract symptoms: a consensus approach. Eur Urol, 2004. 46: 254.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15245822

155.Michel, M.C., et al. Alpha1-, alpha2- and beta-adrenoceptors in the urinary bladder, urethra and prostate. Br J Pharmacol, 2006. 147 Suppl 2: S88.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16465187

156.Kortmann, B.B., et al. Urodynamic effects of alpha-adrenoceptor blockers: a review of clinical trials. Urology, 2003. 62: 1.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12837408

157.Barendrecht, M.M., et al. Do alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists improve lower urinary tract symptoms by reducing bladder outlet resistance? Neurourol Urodyn, 2008. 27: 226.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17638312

158.Djavan, B., et al. State of the art on the efficacy and tolerability of alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology, 2004. 64: 1081.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15596173

159.Michel, M.C., et al. Comparison of tamsulosin efficacy in subgroups of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis, 1998. 1: 332.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12496876

160.Fusco, F., et al. alpha1-Blockers Improve Benign Prostatic Obstruction in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Urodynamic Studies. Eur Urol, 2016. 69: 1091.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26831507

161.Boyle, P., et al. Meta-analysis of randomized trials of terazosin in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology, 2001. 58: 717.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11711348

162.Roehrborn, C.G. Three months’ treatment with the alpha1-blocker alfuzosin does not affect total or transition zone volume of the prostate. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis, 2006. 9: 121.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16304557

163.Roehrborn, C.G., et al. The effects of dutasteride, tamsulosin and combination therapy on lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic enlargement: 2-year results from the CombAT study. J Urol, 2008. 179: 616.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18082216

164.Roehrborn, C.G., et al. The effects of combination therapy with dutasteride and tamsulosin on clinical outcomes in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: 4-year results from the CombAT study. Eur Urol, 2010. 57: 123.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19825505

165.Creta, M., et al. Detrusor overactivity and underactivity: implication for lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostate hyperplasia diagnosis and treatment. Minerva Urol Nephrol, 2021. 73: 59.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32026666

166.Karavitakis, M., et al. Management of Urinary Retention in Patients with Benign Prostatic Obstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol, 2019. 75: 788.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30773327

167.Gwon, Y.N., et al. Comparing effects of alpha-blocker management on acute urinary retention secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Prostate Int, 2023. 11: 91.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37409094

168.Nickel, J.C., et al. A meta-analysis of the vascular-related safety profile and efficacy of alpha-adrenergic blockers for symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int J Clin Pract, 2008. 62: 1547.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18822025

169.Barendrecht, M.M., et al. Treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: the cardiovascular system. BJU Int, 2005. 95 Suppl 4: 19.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15871732

170.Chapple, C.R., et al. Silodosin therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms in men with suspected benign prostatic hyperplasia: results of an international, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled clinical trial performed in Europe. Eur Urol, 2011. 59: 342.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21109344

171.Welk, B., et al. The risk of fall and fracture with the initiation of a prostate-selective alpha antagonist: a population based cohort study. BMJ, 2015. 351: h5398.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26502947

172.Lusty, A., et al. Cardiac Failure Associated with Medical Therapy of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Population Based Study. J Urol, 2021. 205: 1430.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33616451

173.Latvala, L., et al. Use of alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists tamsulosin and alfuzosin and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 2022. 31: 1110.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35751619

174.Chang, D.F., et al. Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome associated with tamsulosin. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2005. 31: 664.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15899440

175.Chatziralli, I.P., et al. Risk factors for intraoperative floppy iris syndrome: a meta-analysis. Ophthalmology, 2011. 118: 730.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21168223

176.Bapir, R., et al. Effect of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists on sexual function. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Ital Urol Androl, 2022. 94: 252.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35775356

177.Gacci, M., et al. Impact of medical treatments for male lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia on ejaculatory function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sex Med, 2014. 11: 1554.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24708055

178.Andriole, G., et al. Dihydrotestosterone and the prostate: the scientific rationale for 5alpha-reductase inhibitors in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol, 2004. 172: 1399.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15371854

179.Rittmaster, R.S., et al. Evidence for atrophy and apoptosis in the prostates of men given finasteride. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1996. 81: 814.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8636309

180.Naslund, M.J., et al. A review of the clinical efficacy and safety of 5alpha-reductase inhibitors for the enlarged prostate. Clin Ther, 2007. 29: 17.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17379044

181.Andersen, J.T., et al. Can finasteride reverse the progress of benign prostatic hyperplasia? A two-year placebo-controlled study. The Scandinavian BPH Study Group. Urology, 1995. 46: 631.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7495111

182.Kirby, R.S., et al. Efficacy and tolerability of doxazosin and finasteride, alone or in combination, in treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: the Prospective European Doxazosin and Combination Therapy (PREDICT) trial. Urology, 2003. 61: 119.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12559281

183.Lepor, H., et al. The efficacy of terazosin, finasteride, or both in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Study Group. N Engl J Med, 1996. 335: 533.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8684407

184.Marberger, M.J. Long-term effects of finasteride in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. PROWESS Study Group. Urology, 1998. 51: 677.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9610579

185.McConnell, J.D., et al. The effect of finasteride on the risk of acute urinary retention and the need for surgical treatment among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Finasteride Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Study Group. N Engl J Med, 1998. 338: 557.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9475762

186.Nickel, J.C., et al. Efficacy and safety of finasteride therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: results of a 2-year randomized controlled trial (the PROSPECT study). PROscar Safety Plus Efficacy Canadian Two year Study. Cmaj, 1996. 155: 1251.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8911291

187.Roehrborn, C.G., et al. Efficacy and safety of a dual inhibitor of 5-alpha-reductase types 1 and 2 (dutasteride) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology, 2002. 60: 434.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12350480

188.Nickel, J.C., et al. Comparison of dutasteride and finasteride for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia: the Enlarged Prostate International Comparator Study (EPICS). BJU Int, 2011. 108: 388.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21631695

189.Boyle, P., et al. Prostate volume predicts outcome of treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with finasteride: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Urology, 1996. 48: 398.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8804493

190.Gittelman, M., et al. Dutasteride improves objective and subjective disease measures in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia and modest or severe prostate enlargement. J Urol, 2006. 176: 1045.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16890688

191.Roehrborn, C.G., et al. Long-term sustained improvement in symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia with the dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitor dutasteride: results of 4-year studies. BJU Int, 2005. 96: 572.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16104912

192.Roehrborn, C.G., et al. The influence of baseline parameters on changes in international prostate symptom score with dutasteride, tamsulosin, and combination therapy among men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia and an enlarged prostate: 2-year data from the CombAT study. Eur Urol, 2009. 55: 461.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19013011

193.Roehrborn, C.G. BPH progression: concept and key learning from MTOPS, ALTESS, COMBAT, and ALF-ONE. BJU Int, 2008. 101 Suppl 3: 17.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18307681

194.Andersen, J.T., et al. Finasteride significantly reduces acute urinary retention and need for surgery in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology, 1997. 49: 839.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9187688

195.Kirby, R.S., et al. Long-term urodynamic effects of finasteride in benign prostatic hyperplasia: a pilot study. Eur Urol, 1993. 24: 20.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7689971

196.Tammela, T.L., et al. Long-term effects of finasteride on invasive urodynamics and symptoms in the treatment of patients with bladder outflow obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol, 1995. 154: 1466.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7544845

197.Donohue, J.F., et al. Transurethral prostate resection and bleeding: a randomized, placebo controlled trial of role of finasteride for decreasing operative blood loss. J Urol, 2002. 168: 2024.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12394700

198.Khwaja, M.A., et al. The Effect of Two Weeks Preoperative Finasteride Therapy in Reducing Prostate Vascularity. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2016. 26: 213.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26975954

199.Elsherbini, T., et al. The impact of 5-ARI on perioperative and functional outcomes of GreenLight PVP: an analysis of the Global GreenLight Group database. Can J Urol, 2023. 30: 11473.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37074746

200.Corona, G., et al. Sexual dysfunction in subjects treated with inhibitors of 5alpha-reductase for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Andrology, 2017. 5: 671.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28453908

201.Andriole, G.L., et al. Effect of dutasteride on the risk of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med, 2010. 362: 1192.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20357281

202.Thompson, I.M., et al. The influence of finasteride on the development of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med, 2003. 349: 215.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12824459

203.Hsieh, T.F., et al. Use of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors did not increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia: a five-year follow-up study. PLoS One, 2015. 10: e0119694.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25803433

204.Skeldon, S.C., et al. The Cardiovascular Safety of Dutasteride. J Urol, 2017. 197: 1309.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27866006

205.Wei, L., et al. Incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men receiving steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitors: population based cohort study. BMJ, 2019. 365: l1204.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30971393

206.Garcia-Argibay, M., et al. Association of 5alpha-Reductase Inhibitors With Dementia, Depression, and Suicide. JAMA Netw Open, 2022. 5: e2248135.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36547981

207.Chess-Williams, R., et al. The minor population of M3-receptors mediate contraction of human detrusor muscle in vitro. J Auton Pharmacol, 2001. 21: 243.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12123469

208.Matsui, M., et al. Multiple functional defects in peripheral autonomic organs in mice lacking muscarinic acetylcholine receptor gene for the M3 subtype. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2000. 97: 9579.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10944224

209.Kono, M., et al. Central muscarinic receptor subtypes regulating voiding in rats. J Urol, 2006. 175: 353.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16406941

210.Wuest, M., et al. Effect of rilmakalim on detrusor contraction in the presence and absence of urothelium. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2005. 372: 203.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16283254

211.Goldfischer, E.R., et al. Efficacy and safety of oxybutynin topical gel 3% in patients with urgency and/or mixed urinary incontinence: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 2015. 34: 37.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24133005

212.Baldwin, C.M., et al. Transdermal oxybutynin. Drugs, 2009. 69: 327.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19275276

213.Chapple, C.R., et al. A shifted paradigm for the further understanding, evaluation, and treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men: focus on the bladder. Eur Urol, 2006. 49: 651.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16530611

214.Michel, M.C., et al. Does gender or age affect the efficacy and safety of tolterodine? J Urol, 2002. 168: 1027.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12187215

215.Chapple, C., et al. Fesoterodine clinical efficacy and safety for the treatment of overactive bladder in relation to patient profiles: a systematic review. Curr Med Res Opin, 2015. 31: 1201.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25798911

216.Dmochowski, R., et al. Efficacy and tolerability of tolterodine extended release in male and female patients with overactive bladder. Eur Urol, 2007. 51: 1054.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17097217

217.Herschorn, S., et al. Efficacy and tolerability of fesoterodine in men with overactive bladder: a pooled analysis of 2 phase III studies. Urology, 2010. 75: 1149.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19914702

218.Hofner, K., et al. Safety and efficacy of tolterodine extended release in men with overactive bladder symptoms and presumed non-obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia. World J Urol, 2007. 25: 627.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17906864

219.Roehrborn, C.G., et al. Efficacy and tolerability of tolterodine extended-release in men with overactive bladder and urgency urinary incontinence. BJU Int, 2006. 97: 1003.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16643482

220.Kaplan, S.A., et al. Tolterodine and tamsulosin for treatment of men with lower urinary tract symptoms and overactive bladder: a randomized controlled trial. Jama, 2006. 296: 2319.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17105794

221.Kaplan, S.A., et al. Tolterodine extended release attenuates lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol, 2005. 174: 2273.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16280803

222.Kaplan, S.A., et al. Solifenacin treatment in men with overactive bladder: effects on symptoms and patient-reported outcomes. Aging Male, 2010. 13: 100.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20001469

223.Gacci, M., et al. Tolterodine in the Treatment of Male LUTS. Curr Urol Rep, 2015. 16: 60.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26149965

224.Roehrborn, C.G., et al. Effects of serum PSA on efficacy of tolterodine extended release with or without tamsulosin in men with LUTS, including OAB. Urology, 2008. 72: 1061.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18817961

225.Yokoyama, T., et al. Naftopidil and propiverine hydrochloride for treatment of male lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia and concomitant overactive bladder: a prospective randomized controlled study. Scand J Urol Nephrol, 2009. 43: 307.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19396723

226.Abrams, P., et al. Safety and tolerability of tolterodine for the treatment of overactive bladder in men with bladder outlet obstruction. J Urol, 2006. 175: 999.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16469601

227.Andersson, K.E. On the Site and Mechanism of Action of beta3-Adrenoceptor Agonists in the Bladder. Int Neurourol J, 2017. 21: 6.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28361520

228.Chapple, C.R., et al. Randomized double-blind, active-controlled phase 3 study to assess 12-month safety and efficacy of mirabegron, a beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonist, in overactive bladder. Eur Urol, 2013. 63: 296.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23195283

229.Herschorn, S., et al. A phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicentre study to assess the efficacy and safety of the beta(3) adrenoceptor agonist, mirabegron, in patients with symptoms of overactive bladder. Urology, 2013. 82: 313.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23769122

230.Khullar, V., et al. Efficacy and tolerability of mirabegron, a beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonist, in patients with overactive bladder: results from a randomised European-Australian phase 3 trial. Eur Urol, 2013. 63: 283.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23182126

231.Nitti, V.W., et al. Results of a randomized phase III trial of mirabegron in patients with overactive bladder. J Urol, 2013. 189: 1388.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23079373

232.Yamaguchi, O., et al. Efficacy and Safety of the Selective beta3 -Adrenoceptor Agonist Mirabegron in Japanese Patients with Overactive Bladder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Finding Study. Low Urin Tract Symptoms, 2015. 7: 84.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26663687

233.Sebastianelli, A., et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and tolerability of mirabegron for the treatment of storage lower urinary tract symptoms/overactive bladder: Comparison with placebo and tolterodine. Int J Urol, 2018. 25: 196.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29205506

234.Liao, C.H., et al. Mirabegron 25 mg Monotherapy Is Safe but Less Effective in Male Patients With Overactive Bladder and Bladder Outlet Obstruction. Urology, 2018. 117: 115.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29630956

235.Drake, M.J., et al. Efficacy and Safety of Mirabegron Add-on Therapy to Solifenacin in Incontinent Overactive Bladder Patients with an Inadequate Response to Initial 4-Week Solifenacin Monotherapy: A Randomised Double-blind Multicentre Phase 3B Study (BESIDE). Eur Urol, 2016. 70: 136.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26965560

236.Kuo, H.C., et al. Results of a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo- and active-controlled, multicenter study of mirabegron, a beta3-adrenoceptor agonist, in patients with overactive bladder in Asia. Neurourol Urodyn, 2015. 34: 685.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25130281

237.Abrams, P., et al. Combination treatment with mirabegron and solifenacin in patients with overactive bladder: exploratory responder analyses of efficacy and evaluation of patient-reported outcomes from a randomized, double-blind, factorial, dose-ranging, Phase II study (SYMPHONY). World J Urol, 2017. 35: 827.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27514371

238.Khullar, V., et al. Patient-reported outcomes with the beta(3) -adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron in a phase III trial in patients with overactive bladder. Neurourol Urodyn, 2016. 35: 987.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26288118

239.Yamaguchi, O., et al. Safety and efficacy of mirabegron as ‘add-on’ therapy in patients with overactive bladder treated with solifenacin: a post-marketing, open-label study in Japan (MILAI study). BJU Int, 2015. 116: 612.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25639296

240.Elbaz, R., et al. Mirabegron for treatment of erectile dysfunction concomitant with lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic obstruction: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Urol, 2022. 29: 390.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35043484

241.White, W.B., et al. Cardiovascular safety of mirabegron: analysis of an integrated clinical trial database of patients with overactive bladder syndrome. J Am Soc Hypertens, 2018. 12: 768.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30181042

242.Nitti, V.W., et al. Urodynamics and safety of the beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron in males with lower urinary tract symptoms and bladder outlet obstruction. J Urol, 2013. 190: 1320.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23727415

243.Lee, Y.K., et al. Safety and therapeutic efficacy of mirabegron 25 mg in older patients with overactive bladder and multiple comorbidities. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 2018. 18: 1330.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29931793

244.Wagg, A., et al. Oral pharmacotherapy for overactive bladder in older patients: mirabegron as a potential alternative to antimuscarinics. Curr Med Res Opin, 2016. 32: 621.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26828974

245.Wagg, A., et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of mirabegron in patients aged >/=65yr with overactive bladder wet: a phase IV, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study (PILLAR). Eur Urol, 2020. 77: 211.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31733990

246.Herschorn, S., et al. Efficacy and safety of combinations of mirabegron and solifenacin compared with monotherapy and placebo in patients with overactive bladder (SYNERGY study). BJU Int, 2017. 120: 562.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28418102

247.Chapple, C.R., et al. Persistence and Adherence with Mirabegron versus Antimuscarinic Agents in Patients with Overactive Bladder: A Retrospective Observational Study in UK Clinical Practice. Eur Urol, 2017. 72: 389.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28196724

248.Staskin, D., et al. International Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo and Active Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Vibegron in Patients with Symptoms of Overactive Bladder: EMPOWUR. J Urol, 2020. 204: 316.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32068484

249.Giuliano, F., et al. The mechanism of action of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur Urol, 2013. 63: 506.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23018163

250.Morelli, A., et al. Phosphodiesterase type 5 expression in human and rat lower urinary tract tissues and the effect of tadalafil on prostate gland oxygenation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Sex Med, 2011. 8: 2746.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21812935

251.Vignozzi, L., et al. PDE5 inhibitors blunt inflammation in human BPH: a potential mechanism of action for PDE5 inhibitors in LUTS. Prostate, 2013. 73: 1391.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23765639

252.Nagasubramanian, S., et al. Tamsulosin and placebo vs tamsulosin and tadalafil in male lower urinary tract symptoms: a double-blinded, randomised controlled trial. BJU Int, 2020. 125: 718.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32012409

253.Pattanaik, S., et al. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018. 11: CD010060.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30480763

254.Guo, B., et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Tadalafil versus Tamsulosin in Treating Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Med Sci Monit, 2020. 26: e923179.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32327621

255.Gacci, M., et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors alone or in combination with alpha-blockers for lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur Urol, 2012. 61: 994.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22405510

256.Wang, Y., et al. Tadalafil 5 mg Once Daily Improves Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Low Urin Tract Symptoms, 2018. 10: 84.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29341503

257.Oelke, M., et al. Time to onset of clinically meaningful improvement with tadalafil 5 mg once daily for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia: analysis of data pooled from 4 pivotal, double-blind, placebo controlled studies. J Urol, 2015. 193: 1581.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25437533

258.Donatucci, C.F., et al. Tadalafil administered once daily for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia: a 1-year, open-label extension study. BJU Int, 2011. 107: 1110.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21244606

259.Porst, H., et al. Efficacy and safety of tadalafil 5 mg once daily for lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: subgroup analyses of pooled data from 4 multinational, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical studies. Urology, 2013. 82: 667.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23876588

260.Brock, G.B., et al. Direct effects of tadalafil on lower urinary tract symptoms versus indirect effects mediated through erectile dysfunction symptom improvement: integrated data analyses from 4 placebo controlled clinical studies. J Urol, 2014. 191: 405.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24096120

261.Roehrborn, C.G., et al. Effects of tadalafil once daily on maximum urinary flow rate in men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol, 2014. 191: 1045.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24445278

262.Oelke, M., et al. Efficacy and safety of tadalafil 5 mg once daily in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia in men aged >/=75 years: integrated analyses of pooled data from multinational, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical studies. BJU Int, 2017. 119: 793.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27988986

263.Buck, A.C. Is there a scientific basis for the therapeutic effects of serenoa repens in benign prostatic hyperplasia? Mechanisms of action. J Urol, 2004. 172: 1792.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15540722

264.Dmochowski, R., et al. Urodynamic effects of once daily tadalafil in men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized, placebo controlled 12-week clinical trial. J Urol, 2013. 189: S135.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23234619

265.Kosilov, K., et al. Efficacy of a combination of dutasteride, tadalafil, and solifenacin in the treatment of previously unsuccessful patients. Asian J Urol, 2022. 9: 42.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35198395

266.EMA. Tadalafil Lilly : EPAR - Product Information. EMA, 2017. EMEA/H/C/004666 - R/0008.

https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tadalafil-lilly

267.Salonia, A.B., C; Boeri, L; Capogrosso, P; Carvalho, J; Cilesiz, NC; Cocci, A; Corona, G; Dimitropoulos, K; Gül, M; Hatzichristodoulou, G; Jones, TH; Kadioglu, A; Martínez Salamanca, JI; Milenkovic, U; Modgil, V; Russo, GI; Serefoglu, EC; Tharakan, T; Verze, P; Minhas, S;. European Association of Urology Guidelines on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2021.

https://uroweb.org/guideline/sexual-and-reproductive-health/

268.Madersbacher, S., et al. Plant extracts: sense or nonsense? Curr Opin Urol, 2008. 18: 16.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18090484

269.Levin, R.M., et al. A scientific basis for the therapeutic effects of Pygeum africanum and Serenoa repens. Urol Res, 2000. 28: 201.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10929430

270.Habib, F.K., et al. Not all brands are created equal: a comparison of selected components of different brands of Serenoa repens extract. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis, 2004. 7: 195.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15289814

271.Scaglione, F., et al. Comparison of the potency of different brands of Serenoa repens extract on 5alpha-reductase types I and II in prostatic co-cultured epithelial and fibroblast cells. Pharmacology, 2008. 82: 270.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18849646

272.De Monte, C., et al. Modern extraction techniques and their impact on the pharmacological profile of Serenoa repens extracts for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms. BMC Urol, 2014. 14: 63.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25112532

273.EMA. Herbal Medicinal Product.

https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/field_ema_web_categories%253Aname_field/Herbal/field_ema_herb_outcome/european-union-herbal-monograph-254/search_api_aggregation_ema_therapeutic_area_name/Urinary%20tract%20and%20genital%20disorders

274.Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products. European Union herbal monograph on Serenoa repens (W. Bartram) Small, fructus. EMA/HMPC/280079/2013, 2015.

https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/draft-european-union-herbal-monograph-serenoa-repens-w-bartram-small-fructus_en.pdf

275.Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products. Community herbal monograph on Cucurbita pepo L., semen. EMA/HMPC/136024/2010, 2012.

https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-community-herbal-monograph-cucurbita-pepo-l-semen_en.pdf

276.Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products. European Union herbal monograph on Prunus africana (Hook f.) Kalkm., cortex. EMA/HMPC/680626/2013, 2016.

https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/draft-european-union-herbal-monograph-prunus-africana-hook-f-kalkm-cortex_en.pdf

277.Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products. Community herbal monograph on Urtica dioica L., Urtica urens L., their hybrids or their mixtures, radix. EMA/HMPC/461160/2008, 2012.

https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-community-herbal-monograph-urtica-dioica-l-urtica-urens-l-their-hybrids-their-mixtures-radix_en.pdf

278.Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products. European Union herbal monograph on Epilobium angustifolium L. and/or Epilobium parviflorum Schreb., herba EMA/HMPC/712511/2014, 2015.

https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-epilobium-angustifolium-l/epilobium-parviflorum-schreb-herba_en.pdf

279.Tacklind, J., et al. Serenoa repens for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2009: CD001423.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19370565

280.Novara, G., et al. Efficacy and Safety of Hexanic Lipidosterolic Extract of Serenoa repens (Permixon) in the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Eur Urol Focus, 2016. 2: 553.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28723522

281.Vela-Navarrete, R., et al. Efficacy and safety of a hexanic extract of Serenoa repens (Permixon((R)) ) for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH): systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. BJU Int, 2018. 122: 1049.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29694707

282.Russo, G.I., et al. Clinical Efficacy of Serenoa repens Versus Placebo Versus Alpha-blockers for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/Benign Prostatic Enlargement: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trials. Eur Urol Focus, 2020. 7: 420.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31952967

283.Boeri, L., et al. Clinically Meaningful Improvements in LUTS/BPH Severity in Men Treated with Silodosin Plus Hexanic Extract of Serenoa Repens or Silodosin Alone. Sci Rep, 2017. 7: 15179.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29123161

284.Debruyne, F.M., et al. Sustained-release alfuzosin, finasteride and the combination of both in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. European ALFIN Study Group. Eur Urol, 1998. 34: 169.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9732187

285.Barkin, J., et al. Alpha-blocker therapy can be withdrawn in the majority of men following initial combination therapy with the dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitor dutasteride. Eur Urol, 2003. 44: 461.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14499682

286.Nickel, J.C., et al. Finasteride monotherapy maintains stable lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia following cessation of alpha blockers. Can Urol Assoc J, 2008. 2: 16.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18542722

287.Athanasopoulos, A., et al. Combination treatment with an alpha-blocker plus an anticholinergic for bladder outlet obstruction: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. J Urol, 2003. 169: 2253.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12771763

288.Roehrborn, C.G., et al. Efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination of dutasteride and tamsulosin treatment (Duodart((R)) ) compared with watchful waiting with initiation of tamsulosin therapy if symptoms do not improve, both provided with lifestyle advice, in the management of treatment-naive men with moderately symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: 2-year CONDUCT study results. BJU Int, 2015. 116: 450.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25565364

289.Roehrborn, C.G., et al. Influence of baseline variables on changes in International Prostate Symptom Score after combined therapy with dutasteride plus tamsulosin or either monotherapy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms: 4-year results of the CombAT study. BJU Int, 2014. 113: 623.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24127818

290.Casabe, A., et al. Efficacy and safety of the coadministration of tadalafil once daily with finasteride for 6 months in men with lower urinary tract symptoms and prostatic enlargement secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol, 2014. 191: 727.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24096118

291.Kaplan, S.A., et al. Time Course of Incident Adverse Experiences Associated with Doxazosin, Finasteride and Combination Therapy in Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: The MTOPS Trial. J Urol, 2016. 195: 1825.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26678956

292.Chapple, C., et al. Tolterodine treatment improves storage symptoms suggestive of overactive bladder in men treated with alpha-blockers. Eur Urol, 2009. 56: 534.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19070418

293.Kaplan, S.A., et al. Safety and tolerability of solifenacin add-on therapy to alpha-blocker treated men with residual urgency and frequency. J Urol, 2009. 182: 2825.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19837435

294.Lee, K.S., et al. Combination treatment with propiverine hydrochloride plus doxazosin controlled release gastrointestinal therapeutic system formulation for overactive bladder and coexisting benign prostatic obstruction: a prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter study. J Urol, 2005. 174: 1334.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16145414

295.MacDiarmid, S.A., et al. Efficacy and safety of extended-release oxybutynin in combination with tamsulosin for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Mayo Clin Proc, 2008. 83: 1002.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18775200

296.van Kerrebroeck, P., et al. Combination therapy with solifenacin and tamsulosin oral controlled absorption system in a single tablet for lower urinary tract symptoms in men: efficacy and safety results from the randomised controlled NEPTUNE trial. Eur Urol, 2013. 64: 1003.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23932438

297.Lenfant, L., et al. Role of Antimuscarinics Combined With Alpha-blockers in the Management of Urinary Storage Symptoms in Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Urol, 2023. 209: 314.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36395428

298.Pang, R., et al. Anticholinergics combined with alpha-blockers for treating lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic obstruction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2021. 2: Cd012336.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33567116

299.Kim, H.J., et al. Efficacy and Safety of Initial Combination Treatment of an Alpha Blocker with an Anticholinergic Medication in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Updated Meta-Analysis. PLoS One, 2017. 12: e0169248.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28072862

300.Van Kerrebroeck, P., et al. Efficacy and safety of solifenacin plus tamsulosin OCAS in men with voiding and storage lower urinary tract symptoms: results from a phase 2, dose-finding study (SATURN). Eur Urol, 2013. 64: 398.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23537687

301.Drake, M.J., et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of single-tablet combinations of solifenacin and tamsulosin oral controlled absorption system in men with storage and voiding lower urinary tract symptoms: Results from the NEPTUNE study and NEPTUNE II open-label extension. European Urology, 2015. 67: 262.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25070148

302.Drake, M.J., et al. Responder and health-related quality of life analyses in men with lower urinary tract symptoms treated with a fixed-dose combination of solifenacin and tamsulosin OCAS: results from the NEPTUNE study. BJU Int, 2015. 117: 165.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25907003

303.Burgio, K.L., et al. Effectiveness of Combined Behavioral and Drug Therapy for Overactive Bladder Symptoms in Men: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med, 2020. 180: 411.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31930360

304.Athanasopoulos, A., et al. The role of antimuscarinics in the management of men with symptoms of overactive bladder associated with concomitant bladder outlet obstruction: an update. Eur Urol, 2011. 60: 94.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21497434

305.Drake, M.J., et al. Incidence of urinary retention during treatment with single tablet combinations of solifenacin+tamsulosin OCAS for up to 1 year in adult men with both storage and voiding LUTS: A subanalysis of the NEPTUNE/NEPTUNE II randomized controlled studies. PLoS One, 2017. 12: e0170726.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28166296

306.Gong, M., et al. Tamsulosin combined with solifenacin versus tamsulosin monotherapy for male lower urinary tract symptoms: a meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin, 2015. 31: 1781.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26211817

307.Kaplan, S.A., et al. Solifenacin plus tamsulosin combination treatment in men with lower urinary tract symptoms and bladder outlet obstruction: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Urol, 2013. 63: 158.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22831853

308.Kakizaki, H., et al. Mirabegron Add-on Therapy to Tamsulosin for the Treatment of Overactive Bladder in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study (MATCH). Eur Urol Focus, 2020. 6: 729.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31718957

309.Kaplan, S.A., et al. Efficacy and Safety of Mirabegron versus Placebo Add-On Therapy in Men with Overactive Bladder Symptoms Receiving Tamsulosin for Underlying Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Randomized, Phase 4 Study (PLUS). J Urol, 2020. 203: 1163.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31895002

310.Ichihara, K., et al. A randomized controlled study of the efficacy of tamsulosin monotherapy and its combination with mirabegron for overactive bladder induced by benign prostatic obstruction. Journal of Urology, 2015. 193: 921.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25254938

311.Van Gelderen, M., et al. Absence of clinically relevant cardiovascular interaction upon add-on of mirabegron or tamsulosin to an established tamsulosin or mirabegron treatment in healthy middle-aged to elderly men. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2014. 52: 693.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24755125

312.Soliman, M.G., et al. Efficacy and safety of mirabegron versus solifenacin as additional therapy for persistent OAB symptoms after tamsulosin monotherapy in men with probable BPO. World J Urol, 2021. 39: 2049.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32869151

313.Tu, Y.-K., et al. Combination alpha blocker and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor versus alpha-blocker monotherapy for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostate hyperplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Urological Science, 2020. 31: 99.

https://www.e-urol-sci.com/article.asp?issn=1879-5226;year=2020;volume=31;issue=3;spage=99;epage=107;aulast=Chen

314.Fan, Z., et al. Comparative Efficacy of Different Drugs for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol, 2022. 13: 763184.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35330833

315.Sebastianelli, A., et al. Outcomes of combination therapy with daily tadalafil 5 mg plus tamsulosin 0.4 mg to treat lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction in men with or without metabolic syndrome. Minerva Urol Nephrol, 2021. 73: 836.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33200905

316.Chen, P.-C., et al. Combination alpha blocker and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor versus alpha-blocker monotherapy for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostate hyperplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Urological Science, 2020. 31: 99.

https://www.e-urol-sci.com/article.asp?issn=1879-5226;year=2020;volume=31;issue=3;spage=99;epage=107;aulast=Chen

317.Speakman, M.J., et al. What Is the Required Certainty of Evidence for the Implementation of Novel Techniques for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Obstruction? Eur Urol Focus, 2019. 5: 351.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31204291

318.Issa, M.M. Technological advances in transurethral resection of the prostate: bipolar versus monopolar TURP. J Endourol, 2008. 22: 1587.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18721041

319.Rassweiler, J., et al. Bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate--technical modifications and early clinical experience. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol, 2007. 16: 11.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17365673

320.Cornu, J.N., et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Functional Outcomes and Complications Following Transurethral Procedures for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Resulting from Benign Prostatic Obstruction: An Update. Eur Urol, 2015. 67: 1066.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24972732

321.Reich, O., et al. Techniques and long-term results of surgical procedures for BPH. Eur Urol, 2006. 49: 970.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16481092

322.Madersbacher, S., et al. Is transurethral resection of the prostate still justified? BJU Int, 1999. 83: 227.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10233485

323.Madersbacher, S., et al. Reoperation, myocardial infarction and mortality after transurethral and open prostatectomy: a nation-wide, long-term analysis of 23,123 cases. Eur Urol, 2005. 47: 499.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15774249

324.Eredics, K., et al. Reoperation Rates and Mortality After Transurethral and Open Prostatectomy in a Long-term Nationwide Analysis: Have We Improved Over a Decade? Urology, 2018. 118: 152.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29733869

325.Alexander, C.E., et al. Bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2019. 12: CD009629.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31792928

326.Mamoulakis, C., et al. Bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Urol, 2009. 56: 798.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19595501

327.Burke, N., et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of transurethral resection of the prostate versus minimally invasive procedures for the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction. Urology, 2010. 75: 1015.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19854492

328.Omar, M.I., et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical effectiveness of bipolar compared with monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). BJU Int, 2014. 113: 24.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24053602

329.Inzunza, G., et al. Bipolar or monopolar transurethral resection for benign prostatic hyperplasia? Medwave, 2018. 18: e7134.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29351269

330.Treharne, C., et al. Economic Value of the Transurethral Resection in Saline System for Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in England and Wales: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Cost-Consequence Model. Eur Urol Focus, 2018. 4: 270.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28753756

331.Autorino, R., et al. Four-year outcome of a prospective randomised trial comparing bipolar plasmakinetic and monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate. Eur Urol, 2009. 55: 922.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19185975

332.Chen, Q., et al. Bipolar transurethral resection in saline vs traditional monopolar resection of the prostate: results of a randomized trial with a 2-year follow-up. BJU Int, 2010. 106: 1339.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20477825

333.Fagerstrom, T., et al. Complications and clinical outcome 18 months after bipolar and monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate. J Endourol, 2011. 25: 1043.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21568691

334.Geavlete, B., et al. Bipolar plasma vaporization vs monopolar and bipolar TURP-A prospective, randomized, long-term comparison. Urology, 2011. 78: 930.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21802121

335.Giulianelli, R., et al. Comparative randomized study on the efficaciousness of endoscopic bipolar prostate resection versus monopolar resection technique. 3 year follow-up. Arch Ital Urol Androl, 2013. 85: 86.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23820656

336.Mamoulakis, C., et al. Midterm results from an international multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing bipolar with monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate. Eur Urol, 2013. 63: 667.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23102675

337.Xie, C.Y., et al. Five-year follow-up results of a randomized controlled trial comparing bipolar plasmakinetic and monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate. Yonsei Med J, 2012. 53: 734.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22665339

338.Komura, K., et al. Incidence of urethral stricture after bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate using TURis: results from a randomised trial. BJU Int, 2015. 115: 644.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24909399

339.Kumar, N., et al. Prospective Randomized Comparison of Monopolar TURP, Bipolar TURP and Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate in Patients with Benign Prostatic Obstruction: 36 Months Outcome. Low Urin Tract Symptoms, 2018. 10: 17.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27168018

340.Huang, S.W., et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of new surgical treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ, 2019. 367: l5919.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31727627

341.National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. The TURis system for transurethral resection of the prostate. NICE GUidelines, 2015.

https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/mtg53

342.Reich, O., et al. Morbidity, mortality and early outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate: a prospective multicenter evaluation of 10,654 patients. J Urol, 2008. 180: 246.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18499179

343.Rassweiler, J., et al. Complications of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)--incidence, management, and prevention. Eur Urol, 2006. 50: 969.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16469429

344.Stucki, P., et al. Bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate: a prospective randomized trial focusing on bleeding complications. J Urol, 2015. 193: 1371.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25464004

345.Akman, T., et al. Effects of bipolar and monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate on urinary and erectile function: a prospective randomized comparative study. BJU Int, 2013. 111: 129.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22672229

346.El-Assmy, A., et al. Erectile and ejaculatory functions changes following bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate: a prospective randomized study. Int Urol Nephrol, 2018. 50: 1569.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30083842

347.Mamoulakis, C., et al. Bipolar vs monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate: evaluation of the impact on overall sexual function in an international randomized controlled trial setting. BJU Int, 2013. 112: 109.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23490008

348.Ruhle, A., et al. Safety and Effectiveness of Bipolar Transurethral Resection of the Prostate in Patients Under Ongoing Oral Anticoagulation with Coumarins or Antiplatelet Drug Therapy Compared to Patients Without Anticoagulation/Antiplatelet Therapy. J Endourol, 2019. 33: 455.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30834782

349.Riedinger, C.B., et al. The impact of surgical duration on complications after transurethral resection of the prostate: an analysis of NSQIP data. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis, 2019. 22: 303.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30385836

350.Bach, T., et al. Laser treatment of benign prostatic obstruction: basics and physical differences. Eur Urol, 2012. 61: 317.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22033173

351.Xia, S.J., et al. Thulium laser versus standard transurethral resection of the prostate: a randomized prospective trial. Eur Urol, 2008. 53: 382.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17566639

352.Jiang, H., et al. Safety and Efficacy of Thulium Laser Prostatectomy Versus Transurethral Resection of Prostate for Treatment of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia: A Meta-Analysis. Low Urin Tract Symptoms, 2016. 8: 165.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27619781

353.Zhang, X., et al. Different lasers in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a network meta-analysis. Sci Rep, 2016. 6: 23503.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27009501

354.Zhu, Y., et al. Thulium laser versus standard transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World journal of urology, 2015. 33: 509.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25298242

355.Zhao, C., et al. Thulium Laser Resection Versus Plasmakinetic Resection of Prostates in the Treatment of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia: A Meta-Analysis. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 2016. 26: 789.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27500451

356.Deng, Z., et al. Thulium laser VapoResection of the prostate versus traditional transurethral resection of the prostate or transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate for benign prostatic obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Urol, 2018. 36: 1355.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29651642

357.Lan, Y., et al. Thulium (Tm:YAG) laser vaporesection of prostate and bipolar transurethral resection of prostate in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci, 2018. 33: 1411.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29947009

358.Hashim, H., et al. Thulium laser transurethral vaporesection of the prostate versus transurethral resection of the prostate for men with lower urinary tract symptoms or urinary retention (UNBLOCS): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2020. 396: 50.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32622397

359.Cui, D., et al. A randomized trial comparing thulium laser resection to standard transurethral resection of the prostate for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: four-year follow-up results. World J Urol, 2014. 32: 683.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23913094

360.Sun, F., et al. Long-term results of thulium laser resection of the prostate: a prospective study at multiple centers. World J Urol, 2015. 33: 503.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25487702

361.Worthington, J., et al. Thulium laser transurethral vaporesection versus transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic obstruction: the UNBLOCS RCT. Health Technol Assess, 2020. 24: 1.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32901611

362.Yang, Z., et al. Thulium laser enucleation versus plasmakinetic resection of the prostate: a randomized prospective trial with 18-month follow-up. Urology, 2013. 81: 396.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23374815

363.Wei, H., et al. Thulium laser resection versus plasmakinetic resection of prostates larger than 80 ml. World J Urol, 2014. 32: 1077.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24264126

364.Sener, T.E., et al. Thulium laser vaporesection of the prostate: Can we operate without interrupting oral antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy? Investig Clin Urol, 2017. 58: 192.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28480345

365.Bansal, A., et al. Holmium Laser vs Monopolar Electrocautery Bladder Neck Incision for Prostates Less Than 30 Grams: A Prospective Randomized Trial. Urology, 2016. 93: 158.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27058689

366.Lourenco, T., et al. The clinical effectiveness of transurethral incision of the prostate: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. World J Urol, 2010. 28: 23.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20033744

367.Kuntz, R.M., et al. Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate versus open prostatectomy for prostates greater than 100 grams: 5-year follow-up results of a randomised clinical trial. Eur Urol, 2008. 53: 160.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869409

368.Naspro, R., et al. Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate versus open prostatectomy for prostates >70 g: 24-month follow-up. Eur Urol, 2006. 50: 563.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16713070

369.Skolarikos, A., et al. Eighteen-month results of a randomized prospective study comparing transurethral photoselective vaporization with transvesical open enucleation for prostatic adenomas greater than 80 cc. J Endourol, 2008. 22: 2333.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18837655

370.Varkarakis, I., et al. Long-term results of open transvesical prostatectomy from a contemporary series of patients. Urology, 2004. 64: 306.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15302484

371.Gratzke, C., et al. Complications and early postoperative outcome after open prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic enlargement: results of a prospective multicenter study. J Urol, 2007. 177: 1419.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17382744

372.Chen, S., et al. Plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate compared with open prostatectomy for prostates larger than 100 grams: a randomized noninferiority controlled trial with long-term results at 6 years. Eur Urol, 2014. 66: 284.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24502959

373.Li, M., et al. Endoscopic enucleation versus open prostatectomy for treating large benign prostatic hyperplasia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One, 2015. 10: e0121265.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25826453

374.Lin, Y., et al. Transurethral enucleation of the prostate versus transvesical open prostatectomy for large benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World J Urol, 2016. 34: 1207.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26699627

375.Ou, R., et al. Transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate vs transvesical prostatectomy for prostate volumes >80 mL: a prospective randomized study. BJU Int, 2013. 112: 239.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23795788

376.Rao, J.M., et al. Plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate versus transvesical open prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia >80 mL: 12-month follow-up results of a randomized clinical trial. Urology, 2013. 82: 176.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23601443

377.Geavlete, B., et al. Bipolar vaporization, resection, and enucleation versus open prostatectomy: optimal treatment alternatives in large prostate cases? J Endourol, 2015. 29: 323.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25111385

378.Geavlete, B., et al. Bipolar plasma enucleation of the prostate vs open prostatectomy in large benign prostatic hyperplasia cases - a medium term, prospective, randomized comparison. BJU Int, 2013. 111: 793.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23469933

379.Salonia, A., et al. Holmium laser enucleation versus open prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: an inpatient cost analysis. Urology, 2006. 68: 302.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16904441

380.Zhang, Y., et al. Transurethral holmium laser enucleation for prostate adenoma greater than 100 g. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue, 2007. 13: 1091.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18284057

381.Gilfrich, C., et al. Morbidity and mortality after surgery for lower urinary tract symptoms: a study of 95 577 cases from a nationwide German health insurance database. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis, 2016. 19: 406.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27502738

382.Tubaro, A., et al. A prospective study of the safety and efficacy of suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol, 2001. 166: 172.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11435849

383.Zhang, K., et al. Plasmakinetic Vapor Enucleation of the Prostate with Button Electrode versus Plasmakinetic Resection of the Prostate for Benign Prostatic Enlargement >90 ml: Perioperative and 3-Month Follow-Up Results of a Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial. Urol Int, 2015. 95: 260.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26044933

384.Wang, Z., et al. A prospective, randomised trial comparing transurethral enucleation with bipolar system (TUEB) to monopolar resectoscope enucleation of the prostate for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Biomedical Research, 2017. 28.

https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/a-prospective-randomised-trial-comparing-transurethral-enucleation-with-bipolar-system-tueb-to-monopolar-resectoscope-enucleation-.pdf

385.Neill, M.G., et al. Randomized trial comparing holmium laser enucleation of prostate with plasmakinetic enucleation of prostate for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology, 2006. 68: 1020.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17095078

386.Ran, L., et al. Comparison of fluid absorption between transurethral enucleation and transurethral resection for benign prostate hyperplasia. Urol Int, 2013. 91: 26.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23571450

387.Zhao, Z., et al. A prospective, randomised trial comparing plasmakinetic enucleation to standard transurethral resection of the prostate for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: three-year follow-up results. Eur Urol, 2010. 58: 752.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20800340

388.Li, K., et al. A Novel Modification of Transurethral Enucleation and Resection of the Prostate in Patients With Prostate Glands Larger than 80 mL: Surgical Procedures and Clinical Outcomes. Urology, 2018. 113: 153.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29203184

389.Luo, Y.H., et al. Plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate vs plasmakinetic resection of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia: comparison of outcomes according to prostate size in 310 patients. Urology, 2014. 84: 904.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25150180

390.Zhu, L., et al. Electrosurgical enucleation versus bipolar transurethral resection for prostates larger than 70 ml: a prospective, randomized trial with 5-year followup. J Urol, 2013. 189: 1427.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23123549

391.Zhang, Y., et al. Efficacy and safety of enucleation vs. resection of prostate for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis, 2019. 22: 493.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30816336

392.Arcaniolo, D., et al. Bipolar endoscopic enucleation versus bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate: an ESUT systematic review and cumulative analysis. World J Urol, 2020. 38: 1177.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31346761

393.Jiang, Y., et al. Comparative Study of the Effectiveness and Safety of Transurethral Bipolar Plasmakinetic Enucleation of the Prostate and Transurethral Bipolar Plasmakinetic Resection of the Prostate for Massive Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (>80 ml). Med Sci Monit, 2020. 26: e921272.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32339160

394.Samir, M., et al. Two-year Follow-up in Bipolar Transurethral Enucleation and Resection of the Prostate in Comparison with Bipolar Transurethral Resection of the Prostate in Treatment of Large Prostates. Randomized Controlled Trial. Urology, 2019. 133: 192.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31404581

395.Liu, Q.L., et al. Comparison of the Transurethral Resection of the Prostate by Traditional Versus Preserved Urethral Mucosa of the Prostatic Apex. J Endourol, 2020. 34: 482.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31964193

396.Gilling, P.J., et al. Long-term results of a randomized trial comparing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate and transurethral resection of the prostate: results at 7 years. BJU Int, 2012. 109: 408.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21883820

397.Tan, A., et al. Meta-analysis of holmium laser enucleation versus transurethral resection of the prostate for symptomatic prostatic obstruction. Br J Surg, 2007. 94: 1201.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17729384

398.Yin, L., et al. Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate versus transurethral resection of the prostate: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Endourol, 2013. 27: 604.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23167266

399.Qian, X., et al. Functional outcomes and complications following B-TURP versus HoLEP for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a review of the literature and Meta-analysis. Aging Male, 2017. 20: 184.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28368238

400.Chen, Y.B., et al. A prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing plasmakinetic resection of the prostate with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate based on a 2-year followup. J Urol, 2013. 189: 217.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23174256

401.Elshal, A.M., et al. Randomised trial of bipolar resection vs holmium laser enucleation vs Greenlight laser vapo-enucleation of the prostate for treatment of large benign prostate obstruction: 3-years outcomes. BJU Int, 2020. 126: 731.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32633020

402.Bhandarkar, A., et al. Comparison of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate with Bipolar Plasmakinetic Enucleation of the Prostate: A Randomized, Prospective Controlled Trial at Midterm Follow-Up. J Endourol, 2022. 36: 1567.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35943885

403.Wei, Z., et al. Plasma Kinetic Enucleation vs Holmium Laser Enucleation for Treating Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Randomized Controlled Trial with a 3-Year Follow-Up. J Endourol, 2021. 35: 1533.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33779288

404.Higazy, A., et al. Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate versus bipolar transurethral enucleation of the prostate in management of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Urol, 2021. 28: 333.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33327043

405.You, C., et al. Comparison of different laser-based enucleation techniques for benign prostate hyperplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg, 2021. 94: 106135.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34600125

406.Lourenco, T., et al. Alternative approaches to endoscopic ablation for benign enlargement of the prostate: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Bmj, 2008. 337: a449.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18595932

407.Huang, K.C., et al. Combination of Thulium Laser Incision and Bipolar Resection Offers Higher Resection Velocity than Bipolar Resection Alone in Large Prostates. Urol J, 2019. 16: 397.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30318570

408.Heidar, N.A., et al. Laser enucleation of the prostate versus transurethral resection of the prostate: perioperative outcomes from the ACS NSQIP database. World J Urol, 2020. 38: 2891.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32036397

409.Shah, H.N., et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing high and medium power settings for holmium laser enucleation of prostate. World J Urol, 2021. 39: 3005.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33398423

410.Kavoussi, N.L., et al. MOSES(TM) Technology for Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate: A Prospective Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. J Urol, 2021. 206: 104.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33617333

411.Gauhar, V., et al. Does MOSES Technology Enhance the Efficiency and Outcomes of Standard Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate? Results of a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies. Eur Urol Focus, 2022. 8: 1362.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35105516

412.Assmus, M.A., et al. Tranexamic Acid Does Not Improve Outcomes of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. J Endourol, 2023. 37: 171.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36222618

413.Netsch, C., et al. Recent evidence for anatomic endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (AEEP) in patients with benign prostatic obstruction on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy. World J Urol, 2021. 39: 3187.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33721062

414.Liu, Y., et al. Impact on Sexual Function of Endoscopic Enucleation vs Transurethral Resection of the Prostate for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Endourol, 2020. 34: 1064.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32242462

415.Cacciamani, G.E., et al. Anterograde ejaculation preservation after endoscopic treatments in patients with bladder outlet obstruction: systematic review and pooled-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Minerva Urol Nefrol, 2019. 71: 427.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31487977

416.Briganti, A., et al. Impact on sexual function of holmium laser enucleation versus transurethral resection of the prostate: results of a prospective, 2-center, randomized trial. J Urol, 2006. 175: 1817.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16600770

417.Li, Z., et al. The impact of surgical treatments for lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia on male erectile function: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore), 2016. 95: e3862.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27310968

418.Elshal, A.M., et al. Prospective controlled assessment of men’s sexual function changes following Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia. Int Urol Nephrol, 2017. 49: 1741.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28780626

419.Kim, M., et al. Pilot study of the clinical efficacy of ejaculatory hood sparing technique for ejaculation preservation in Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. Int J Impot Res, 2015. 27: 20.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25007827

420.Elzayat, E.A., et al. Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP): long-term results, reoperation rate, and possible impact of the learning curve. Eur Urol, 2007. 52: 1465.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17498867

421.Du, C., et al. Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate: the safety, efficacy, and learning experience in China. J Endourol, 2008. 22: 1031.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18377236

422.Robert, G., et al. Multicentre prospective evaluation of the learning curve of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). BJU Int, 2016. 117: 495.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25781490

423.Aho, T., et al. Description of a modular mentorship programme for holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. World J Urol, 2015. 33: 497.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25271105

424.Enikeev, D., et al. A Randomized Trial Comparing The Learning Curve of 3 Endoscopic Enucleation Techniques (HoLEP, ThuFLEP, and MEP) for BPH Using Mentoring Approach-Initial Results. Urology, 2018. 121: 51.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30053397

425.Yang, Z., et al. Comparison of thulium laser enucleation and plasmakinetic resection of the prostate in a randomized prospective trial with 5-year follow-up. Lasers Med Sci, 2016. 31: 1797.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27677474

426.Hartung, F.O., et al. Holmium Versus Thulium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Eur Urol Focus, 2022. 8: 545.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33840611

427.Zhang, F., et al. Thulium laser versus holmium laser transurethral enucleation of the prostate: 18-month follow-up data of a single center. Urology, 2012. 79: 869.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22342411

428.Feng, L., et al. Thulium Laser Enucleation Versus Plasmakinetic Enucleation of the Prostate: A Randomized Trial of a Single Center. J Endourol, 2016. 30: 665.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26886719

429.Bach, T., et al. Thulium:YAG vapoenucleation in large volume prostates. J Urol, 2011. 186: 2323.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22014812

430.Hauser, S., et al. Thulium laser (Revolix) vapoenucleation of the prostate is a safe procedure in patients with an increased risk of hemorrhage. Urol Int, 2012. 88: 390.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22627127

431.Netsch, C., et al. Safety and effectiveness of Thulium VapoEnucleation of the prostate (ThuVEP) in patients on anticoagulant therapy. World J Urol, 2014. 32: 165.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23657354

432.Netsch, C., et al. Comparison of 120-200 W 2 μm thulium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet vapoenucleation of the prostate. J Endourol, 2012. 26: 224.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22191688

433.Bozzini, G., et al. Thulium: YAG vs continuous-wave thulium fiber laser enucleation of the prostate: do potential advantages of thulium fiber lasers translate into relevant clinical differences? World J Urol, 2023. 41: 143.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36357602

434.Shoji, S., et al. Functional outcomes of transurethral thulium laser enucleation versus bipolar transurethral resection for benign prostatic hyperplasia over a period of 12 months: A prospective randomized study. Int J Urol, 2020. 27: 974.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33241599

435.Chang, C.H., et al. Vapoenucleation of the prostate using a high-power thulium laser: a one-year follow-up study. BMC Urol, 2015. 15: 40.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25956819

436.Gross, A.J., et al. Complications and early postoperative outcome in 1080 patients after thulium vapoenucleation of the prostate: results at a single institution. Eur Urol, 2013. 63: 859.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23245687

437.Becker, B., et al. Thulium vapoenucleation of the prostate versus holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for the treatment of large volume prostates: preliminary 6-month safety and efficacy results of a prospective randomized trial. World J Urol, 2018. 36: 1663.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29730838

438.Netsch, C.A.-O., et al. A prospective, randomized trial comparing thulium vapoenucleation with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic obstruction: perioperative safety and efficacy. World J Urol, 2017. 35: 1913.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28698991

439.Lusuardi, L., et al. Update on the use of diode laser in the management of benign prostate obstruction in 2014. World J Urol, 2015. 33: 555.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24859776

440.Lusuardi, L., et al. Safety and efficacy of Eraser laser enucleation of the prostate: preliminary report. J Urol, 2011. 186: 1967.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21944122

441.Zhang, J., et al. 1470 nm Diode Laser Enucleation vs Plasmakinetic Resection of the Prostate for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Randomized Study. J Endourol, 2019. 33: 211.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30489151

442.Zou, Z., et al. Dual-centre randomized-controlled trial comparing transurethral endoscopic enucleation of the prostate using diode laser vs. bipolar plasmakinetic for the treatment of LUTS secondary of benign prostate obstruction: 1-year follow-up results. World J Urol, 2018. 36: 1117.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29459994

443.Xu, A., et al. A randomized trial comparing diode laser enucleation of the prostate with plasmakinetic enucleation and resection of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Endourol, 2013. 27: 1254.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23879477

444.Wu, G., et al. A comparative study of diode laser and plasmakinetic in transurethral enucleation of the prostate for treating large volume benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized clinical trial with 12-month follow-up. Lasers Med Sci, 2016. 31: 599.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26822403

445.He, G., et al. Comparison of Diode Laser (980 nm) Enucleation vs Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Randomized Controlled Trial with 12-Month Follow-Up. J Endourol, 2019. 33: 843.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31298571

446.Mariano, M.B., et al. Laparoscopic prostatectomy with vascular control for benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol, 2002. 167: 2528.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11992078

447.Sotelo, R., et al. Robotic simple prostatectomy. J Urol, 2008. 179: 513.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18076926

448.Lucca, I., et al. Outcomes of minimally invasive simple prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Urol, 2015. 33: 563.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24879405

449.Li, J., et al. Comparison Between Minimally Invasive Simple Prostatectomy and Open Simple Prostatectomy for Large Prostates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Comparative Trials. J Endourol, 2019. 33: 767.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31244334

450.Velotti, G., et al. Holmium laser enucleation of prostate versus minimally invasive simple prostatectomy for large volume (>= 120 ml) prostate glands: a prospective multicenter randomized study. Minerva urologica e nefrologica = The Italian journal of urology and nephrology, 2020. 73: 638.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33200899

451.Li, Y., et al. Association of sleep quality with lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia among men in China: A cross-sectional study. Front Aging Neurosci, 2022. 14: 938407.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36353690

452.Fuschi, A., et al. Holmium laser enucleation of prostate versus minimally invasive simple prostatectomy for large volume (≥120 mL) prostate glands: a prospective multicenter randomized study. Minerva Urol Nephrol, 2021. 73: 638.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33200899

453.Scarcella, S., et al. Robotic-assisted versus open simple prostatectomy: Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies. Investig Clin Urol, 2021. 62: 631.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34729963

454.Sorokin, I., et al. Robot-Assisted Versus Open Simple Prostatectomy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Large Glands: A Propensity Score-Matched Comparison of Perioperative and Short-Term Outcomes. J Endourol, 2017. 31: 1164.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28854815

455.Stoddard, M.D., et al. Standardization of 532 nm Laser Terminology for Surgery in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review. J Endourol, 2020. 34: 121.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31880953

456.Gomez Sancha, F., et al. Common trend: move to enucleation-Is there a case for GreenLight enucleation? Development and description of the technique. World J Urol, 2015. 33: 539.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24929643

457.Law, K.W., et al. Anatomic GreenLight laser vaporization-incision technique for benign prostatic hyperplasia using the XPS LBO-180W system: How I do it. Can J Urol, 2019. 26: 9963.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31629449

458.Elshal, A.M., et al. Prospective Assessment of Learning Curve of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate for Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Using a Multidimensional Approach. J Urol, 2017. 197: 1099.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27825972

459.Elshal, A.M., et al. GreenLight™ laser (XPS) photoselective vapo-enucleation versus holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized controlled study. J Urol, 2015. 193: 927.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25261801

460.Botto, H., et al. Electrovaporization of the prostate with the Gyrus device. J Endourol, 2001. 15: 313.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11339400

461.Reich, O., et al. Plasma Vaporisation of the Prostate: Initial Clinical Results. Eur Urol, 2010. 57: 693.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19482414

462.Reich, O., et al. In vitro comparison of transurethral vaporization of the prostate (TUVP), resection of the prostate (TURP), and vaporization-resection of the prostate (TUVRP). Urol Res, 2002. 30: 15.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11942320

463.Gallucci, M., et al. Transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate vs. transurethral resection. Results of a multicentric, randomized clinical study on 150 patients. Eur Urol, 1998. 33: 359.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9612677

464.Poulakis, V., et al. Transurethral electrovaporization vs transurethral resection for symptomatic prostatic obstruction: a meta-analysis. BJU Int, 2004. 94: 89.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15217438

465.Dunsmuir, W.D., et al. Gyrus bipolar electrovaporization vs transurethral resection of the prostate: a randomized prospective single-blind trial with 1 y follow-up. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis, 2003. 6: 182.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12806380

466.Fung, B.T., et al. Prospective randomized controlled trial comparing plasmakinetic vaporesection and conventional transurethral resection of the prostate. Asian J Surg, 2005. 28: 24.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15691793

467.Karaman, M.I., et al. Comparison of transurethral vaporization using PlasmaKinetic energy and transurethral resection of prostate: 1-year follow-up. J Endourol, 2005. 19: 734.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16053367

468.Hon, N.H., et al. A prospective, randomized trial comparing conventional transurethral prostate resection with PlasmaKinetic vaporization of the prostate: physiological changes, early complications and long-term followup. J Urol, 2006. 176: 205.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16753403

469.Kaya, C., et al. The long-term results of transurethral vaporization of the prostate using plasmakinetic energy. BJU Int, 2007. 99: 845.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17378844

470.Geavlete, B., et al. Transurethral resection (TUR) in saline plasma vaporization of the prostate vs standard TUR of the prostate: ‘the better choice’ in benign prostatic hyperplasia? BJU Int, 2010. 106: 1695.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20518763

471.Nuhoglu, B., et al. The role of bipolar transurethral vaporization in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urol Int, 2011. 87: 400.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22086154

472.Zhang, S.Y., et al. Efficacy and safety of bipolar plasma vaporization of the prostate with “button-type” electrode compared with transurethral resection of prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Chin Med J (Engl), 2012. 125: 3811.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23106879

473.Falahatkar, S., et al. Bipolar transurethral vaporization: a superior procedure in benign prostatic hyperplasia: a prospective randomized comparison with bipolar TURP. Int Braz J Urol, 2014. 40: 346.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25010300

474.Geavlete, B., et al. Continuous vs conventional bipolar plasma vaporisation of the prostate and standard monopolar resection: A prospective, randomised comparison of a new technological advance. BJU Int, 2014. 113: 288.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24053794

475.Yip, S.K., et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of hybrid bipolar transurethral vaporization and resection of the prostate with bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate. Journal of Endourology, 2011. 25: 1889.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21923418

476.Elsakka, A.M., et al. A prospective randomised controlled study comparing bipolar plasma vaporisation of the prostate to monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate. Arab J Urol, 2016. 14: 280.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27900218

477.Lee, S.W., et al. Transurethral procedures for lower urinary tract symptoms resulting from benign prostatic enlargement: A quality and meta-analysis. Int Neurourol J, 2013. 17: 59.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23869269

478.Wroclawski, M.L., et al. ‘Button type’ bipolar plasma vaporisation of the prostate compared with standard transurethral resection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of short-term outcome studies. BJU Int, 2016. 117: 662.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26299915

479.Robert, G., et al. Bipolar plasma vaporization of the prostate: ready to replace GreenLight? A systematic review of randomized control trials. World J Urol, 2015. 33: 549.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25159871

480.Thangasamy, I.A., et al. Photoselective vaporisation of the prostate using 80-W and 120-W laser versus transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review with meta-analysis from 2002 to 2012. Eur Urol, 2012. 62: 315.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22575913

481.Kang, D.H., et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Functional Outcomes and Complications Following the Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate and Monopolar Transurethral Resection of the Prostate. World J Mens Health, 2016. 34: 110.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27574594

482.Zhou, Y., et al. Greenlight high-performance system (HPS) 120-W laser vaporization versus transurethral resection of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a meta-analysis of the published results of randomized controlled trials. Lasers Med Sci, 2016. 31: 485.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26868032

483.Thomas, J.A., et al. A Multicenter Randomized Noninferiority Trial Comparing GreenLight-XPS Laser Vaporization of the Prostate and Transurethral Resection of the Prostate for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Obstruction: Two-yr Outcomes of the GOLIATH Study. Eur Urol, 2016. 69: 94.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26283011

484.Elmansy, H., et al. Holmium laser enucleation versus photoselective vaporization for prostatic adenoma greater than 60 ml: preliminary results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial. J Urol, 2012. 188: 216.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22591968

485.Ghobrial, F.K., et al. A randomized trial comparing bipolar transurethral vaporization of the prostate with GreenLight laser (xps-180watt) photoselective vaporization of the prostate for treatment of small to moderate benign prostatic obstruction: outcomes after 2 years. BJU Int, 2020. 125: 144.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31621175

486.Al-Ansari, A., et al. GreenLight HPS 120-W laser vaporization versus transurethral resection of the prostate for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized clinical trial with midterm follow-up. Eur Urol, 2010. 58: 349.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20605316

487.Erazo, J.C., et al. Outpatient 180 W XPS GreenLight Laser Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate: 7-Year Experience. J Endourol, 2022. 36: 548.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34779677

488.Salmivalli, A., et al. Short- and long-term risks of photoselective laser vaporization of the prostate: a population-based comparison with transurethral resection of the prostate. Ann Med, 2023. 55: 1287.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36974584

489.Chung, D.E., et al. Outcomes and complications after 532 nm laser prostatectomy in anticoagulated patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol, 2011. 186: 977.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21791350

490.Reich, O., et al. High power (80 W) potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser vaporization of the prostate in 66 high risk patients. J Urol, 2005. 173: 158.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15592063

491.Ruszat, R., et al. Safety and effectiveness of photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) in patients on ongoing oral anticoagulation. Eur Urol, 2007. 51: 1031.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16945475

492.Sandhu, J.S., et al. Photoselective laser vaporization prostatectomy in men receiving anticoagulants. J Endourol, 2005. 19: 1196.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16359214

493.Lee, D.J., et al. Laser Vaporization of the Prostate With the 180-W XPS-Greenlight Laser in Patients With Ongoing Platelet Aggregation Inhibition and Oral Anticoagulation. Urology, 2016. 91: 167.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26829717

494.Jackson, R.E., et al. Risk factors for delayed hematuria following photoselective vaporization of the prostate. J Urol, 2013. 190: 903.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23538242

495.Knapp, G.L., et al. Perioperative adverse events in patients on continued anticoagulation undergoing photoselective vaporisation of the prostate with the 180-W Greenlight lithium triborate laser. BJU Int, 2017. 119 Suppl 5: 33.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28544292

496.Campobasso, D., et al. Efficacy and safety profile of GreenLight laser photoselective vaporization of the prostate in >/= 75 years old patients: results from the Italian GreenLight Laser Study Group. Aging Clin Exp Res, 2023. 35: 877.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36763245

497.Woo, H., et al. Outcome of GreenLight HPS 120-W laser therapy in specific patient populations: those in retention, on anticoagulants, and with large prostates (>80 ml). . Eur Urol Suppl

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S15699056080002742008. 7: 378.

498.Rajbabu, K., et al. Photoselective vaporization of the prostate with the potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser in men with prostates of >100 mL. BJU Int, 2007. 100: 593.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17511771

499.Ruszat, R., et al. Photoselective vaporization of the prostate: subgroup analysis of men with refractory urinary retention. Eur Urol, 2006. 50: 1040.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16481099

500.Alivizatos, G., et al. Transurethral photoselective vaporization versus transvesical open enucleation for prostatic adenomas >80ml: 12-mo results of a randomized prospective study. Eur Urol, 2008. 54: 427.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18069117

501.Bouchier-Hayes, D.M., et al. KTP laser versus transurethral resection: early results of a randomized trial. J Endourol, 2006. 20: 580.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16903819

502.Bruyere, F., et al. Influence of photoselective vaporization of the prostate on sexual function: results of a prospective analysis of 149 patients with long-term follow-up. Eur Urol, 2010. 58: 207.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20466480

503.Razzaghi, M.R., et al. Diode laser (980 nm) vaporization in comparison with transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia: randomized clinical trial with 2-year follow-up. Urology, 2014. 84: 526.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25168526

504.Cetinkaya, M., et al. 980-Nm Diode Laser Vaporization versus Transurethral Resection of the Prostate for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Randomized Controlled Study. Urol J, 2015. 12: 2355.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26571321

505.Chiang, P.H., et al. GreenLight HPS laser 120-W versus diode laser 200-W vaporization of the prostate: comparative clinical experience. Lasers Surg Med, 2010. 42: 624.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20806388

506.Ruszat, R., et al. Prospective single-centre comparison of 120-W diode-pumped solid-state high-intensity system laser vaporization of the prostate and 200-W high-intensive diode-laser ablation of the prostate for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia. BJU Int, 2009. 104: 820.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19239441

507.Seitz, M., et al. The diode laser: a novel side-firing approach for laser vaporisation of the human prostate--immediate efficacy and 1-year follow-up. Eur Urol, 2007. 52: 1717.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17628326

508.MacRae, C., et al. How I do it: Aquablation of the prostate using the AQUABEAM system. Can J Urol, 2016. 23: 8590.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27995858

509.Gilling, P., et al. WATER: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial of Aquablation((R)) vs Transurethral Resection of the Prostate in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. J Urol, 2018. 199: 1252.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29360529

510.Kasivisvanathan, V., et al. Aquablation versus transurethral resection of the prostate: 1 year United States - cohort outcomes. Can J Urol, 2018. 25: 9317.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29900819

511.Gilling, P.J., et al. Randomized Controlled Trial of Aquablation versus Transurethral Resection of the Prostate in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: One-year Outcomes. Urology, 2019. 125: 169.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30552937

512.Gilling, P.J., et al. Five-year outcomes for Aquablation therapy compared to TURP: results from a double-blind, randomized trial in men with LUTS due to BPH. Can J Urol, 2022. 29: 10960.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35150215

513.Bhojani, N., et al. Aquablation Therapy in Large Prostates (80-150 mL) for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Final WATER II 5-Year Clinical Trial Results. J Urol, 2023. 210: 143.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37115632

514.Pimentel, M.A., et al. Urodynamic Outcomes After Aquablation. Urology, 2019. 126: 165.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30721737

515.Desai, M., et al. Aquablation for benign prostatic hyperplasia in large prostates (80-150 mL): 6-month results from the WATER II trial. BJU Int, 2019. 124: 321.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30734990

516.Nguyen, D.D., et al. Waterjet Ablation Therapy for Endoscopic Resection of prostate tissue trial (WATER) vs WATER II: comparing Aquablation therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia in 30-80 and 80-150 mL prostates. BJU Int, 2020. 125: 112.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31599044

517.Bhojani, N., et al. Aquablation for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Large Prostates (80-150 cc): 1-Year Results. Urology, 2019. 129: 1.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31059728

518.Bach, T., et al. Aquablation Outcomes in Men With LUTS Due to BPH Following Single Versus Multi-pass Treatments. Urology, 2022. 169: 167.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35863498

519.Abt, D., et al. Comparison of prostatic artery embolisation (PAE) versus transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia: randomised, open label, non-inferiority trial. BMJ, 2018. 361: k2338.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29921613

520.Zhang, J.L., et al. Effectiveness of Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography for Visualization of the Prostatic Artery prior to Prostatic Arterial Embolization. Radiology, 2019. 291: 370.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30806596

521.Pisco, J.M., et al. Randomised Clinical Trial of Prostatic Artery Embolisation Versus a Sham Procedure for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Eur Urol, 2020. 77: 354.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31831295

522.Zumstein, V., et al. Prostatic Artery Embolization versus Standard Surgical Treatment for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol Focus, 2019. 5: 1091.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30292422

523.Franco, J.V.A., et al. Minimally invasive treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a Cochrane network meta-analysis. BJU Int, 2022. 130: 142.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34820997

524.Xiang, P., et al. Efficacy and safety of prostatic artery embolization for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Radiol, 2021. 31: 4929.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33449181

525.Jung, J.H., et al. Prostatic arterial embolisation for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a Cochrane review. BJU Int, 2023. 131: 32.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35696302

526.Abt, D., et al. Prostatic Artery Embolisation Versus Transurethral Resection of the Prostate for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: 2-yr Outcomes of a Randomised, Open-label, Single-centre Trial. Eur Urol, 2021. 80: 34.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612376

527.Ayyagari, R., et al. Prostatic Artery Embolization in Nonindex Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients: Single-center Outcomes for Urinary Retention and Gross Prostatic Hematuria. Urology, 2020. 136: 212.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31734349

528.Shim, S.R., et al. Efficacy and Safety of Prostatic Arterial Embolization: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. J Urol, 2017. 197: 465.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27592008

529.Knight, G.M., et al. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Comparing Prostatic Artery Embolization to Gold-Standard Transurethral Resection of the Prostate for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2021. 44: 183.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33078236

530.Jiang, Y.L., et al. Transurethral resection of the prostate versus prostatic artery embolization in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a meta-analysis. BMC Urol, 2019. 19: 11.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30691478

531.Xu, X.J., et al. An updated meta-analysis of prostatic arterial embolization versus transurethral resection of the prostate in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. World J Urol, 2020. 38: 2455.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31813027

532.Moreira, A.M., et al. A Review of Adverse Events Related to Prostatic Artery Embolization for Treatment of Bladder Outlet Obstruction Due to BPH. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2017. 40: 1490.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28795212

533.Ray, A.F., et al. Efficacy and safety of prostate artery embolization for benign prostatic hyperplasia: an observational study and propensity-matched comparison with transurethral resection of the prostate (the UK-ROPE study). BJU Int, 2018. 122: 270.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29645352

534.Zumstein, V., et al. Radiation Exposure During Prostatic Artery Embolisation: A Systematic Review and Calculation of Associated Risks. Eur Urol Focus, 2021. 7: 608.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32418877

535.National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Prostate artery embolisation for lower urinary tract symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia. NICE GUidelines, 2018. 122: 11.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29894572

536.Abt, D., et al. Outcome prediction of prostatic artery embolization: post hoc analysis of a randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial. BJU Int, 2019. 124: 134.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30499637

537.McVary, K.T., et al. Erectile and Ejaculatory Function Preserved With Convective Water Vapor Energy Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Randomized Controlled Study. J Sex Med, 2016. 13: 924.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27129767

538.Roehrborn, C.G., et al. Convective Thermal Therapy: Durable 2-Year Results of Randomized Controlled and Prospective Crossover Studies for Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. J Urol, 2017. 197: 1507.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27993667

539.Kang, T.W., et al. Convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2020. 3: CD013251.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32212174

540.Cornu, J.N., et al. Minimally Invasive Treatments for Benign Prostatic Obstruction: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Eur Urol, 2023. 83: 534.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36964042

541.Miller, L.E., et al. Water vapor thermal therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore), 2020. 99: e21365.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32791742

542.Chin, P.T., et al. Prostatic urethral lift: two-year results after treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology, 2012. 79: 5.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22202539

543.McNicholas, T.A., et al. Minimally invasive prostatic urethral lift: surgical technique and multinational experience. Eur Urol, 2013. 64: 292.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23357348

544.Roehrborn, C.G., et al. The prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with prostate enlargement due to benign prostatic hyperplasia: the L.I.F.T. Study. J Urol, 2013. 190: 2161.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23764081

545.Woo, H.H., et al. Safety and feasibility of the prostatic urethral lift: a novel, minimally invasive treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BJU Int, 2011. 108: 82.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21554526

546.Woo, H.H., et al. Preservation of sexual function with the prostatic urethral lift: a novel treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Sex Med, 2012. 9: 568.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22172161

547.Perera, M., et al. Prostatic urethral lift improves urinary symptoms and flow while preserving sexual function for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol, 2015. 67: 704.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25466940

548.Jung, J.H., et al. Prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2019. 5: CD012832.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31128077

549.Roehrborn, C.G., et al. Three year results of the prostatic urethral L.I.F.T. study. Can J Urol, 2015. 22: 7772.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26068624

550.Roehrborn, C.G., et al. Five year results of the prospective randomized controlled prostatic urethral L.I.F.T. study. Can J Urol, 2017. 24: 8802.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28646935

551.Eure, G., et al. Real-World Evidence of Prostatic Urethral Lift Confirms Pivotal Clinical Study Results: 2-Year Outcomes of a Retrospective Multicenter Study. J Endourol, 2019. 33: 576.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31115257

552.Sonksen, J., et al. Prospective, Randomized, Multinational Study of Prostatic Urethral Lift Versus Transurethral Resection of the Prostate: 12-month Results from the BPH6 Study. Eur Urol, 2015. 68: 643.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25937539

553.Xiang, P., et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prostatic Urethral Lift for Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Eur Urol Open Sci, 2020. 19: 3.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34337448

554.Miller, L.E., et al. Surgical Reintervention Rate after Prostatic Urethral Lift: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Involving over 2,000 Patients. J Urol, 2020. 204: 1019.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32396049

555.Rukstalis, D., et al. Prostatic Urethral Lift (PUL) for obstructive median lobes: 12 month results of the MedLift Study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis, 2019. 22: 411.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30542055

556.Magistro, G., et al. New intraprostatic injectables and prostatic urethral lift for male LUTS. Nat Rev Urol, 2015. 12: 461.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26195444

557.Shim, S.R., et al. Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin injection for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol, 2016. 48: 19.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26560471

558.Elhilali, M.M., et al. Prospective, randomized, double-blind, vehicle controlled, multicenter phase IIb clinical trial of the pore forming protein PRX302 for targeted treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol, 2013. 189: 1421.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23142202

559.Denmeade, S.R., et al. Phase 1 and 2 studies demonstrate the safety and efficacy of intraprostatic injection of PRX302 for the targeted treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur Urol, 2011. 59: 747.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21129846

560.Shore, N., et al. Fexapotide triflutate: results of long-term safety and efficacy trials of a novel injectable therapy for symptomatic prostate enlargement. World J Urol, 2018. 36: 801.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29380128

561.El-Dakhakhny, A.S., et al. Transperineal intraprostatic injection of botulinum neurotoxin A vs transurethral resection of prostate for management of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostate hyperplasia: A prospective randomised study. Arab J Urol, 2019. 17: 270.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31723444

562.Porpiglia, F., et al. Temporary implantable nitinol device (TIND): a novel, minimally invasive treatment for relief of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) related to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): feasibility, safety and functional results at 1 year of follow-up. BJU Int, 2015. 116: 278.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25382816

563.Porpiglia, F., et al. 3-Year follow-up of temporary implantable nitinol device implantation for the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction. BJU Int, 2018. 122: 106.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29359881

564.Chughtai, B., et al. The iTind Temporarily Implanted Nitinol Device for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Urology, 2021. 153: 270.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33373708

565.Porpiglia, F., et al. Second-generation of temporary implantable nitinol device for the relief of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia: results of a prospective, multicentre study at 1 year of follow-up. BJU Int, 2019. 123: 1061.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30382600

566.Sakalis, V.I., et al. Medical Treatment of Nocturia in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Systematic Review by the European Association of Urology Guidelines Panel for Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Eur Urol, 2017. 72: 757.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28666669

567.Hashim, H., et al. International Continence Society (ICS) report on the terminology for nocturia and nocturnal lower urinary tract function. Neurourol Urodyn, 2019. 38: 499.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30644584

568.Marshall, S.D., et al. Nocturia: Current Levels of Evidence and Recommendations From the International Consultation on Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Urology, 2015. 85: 1291.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25881866

569.Cannon, A., et al. Desmopressin in the treatment of nocturnal polyuria in the male. BJU Int, 1999. 84: 20.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10444118

570.Han, J., et al. Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2017. 10: CD012059.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29055129

571.Weiss, J.P., et al. Efficacy and safety of low dose desmopressin orally disintegrating tablet in men with nocturia: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel group study. J Urol, 2013. 190: 965.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23454402

572.Sand, P.K., et al. Efficacy and safety of low dose desmopressin orally disintegrating tablet in women with nocturia: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel group study. J Urol, 2013. 190: 958.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23454404

573.Juul, K.V., et al. Low-dose desmopressin combined with serum sodium monitoring can prevent clinically significant hyponatraemia in patients treated for nocturia. BJU Int, 2017. 119: 776.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27862898

574.Kurose, H., et al. Determining the optimal initial dose for Japanese patients with nocturnal polyuria using an initial dose of desmopressin 501398042195μg. Low Urin Tract Symptoms, 2023. 15: 89.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36755502

575.Cohn, J.A., et al. Desmopressin acetate nasal spray for adults with nocturia. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol, 2017. 10: 1281.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29048257

576.Djavan, B., et al. The impact of tamsulosin oral controlled absorption system (OCAS) on nocturia and the quality of sleep: Preliminary results of a pilot study. European Urology, Supplements, 2005. 4: 1119.

https://www.tqfarma.com/Portals/0/docs/pdf/The%20Impact%20of%20Tam%20(OCAS)%20on%20Nocturia%20and%20the%20QO%20Sleep-%20Preliminary.pdf

577.Yokoyama, O., et al. Efficacy of fesoterodine on nocturia and quality of sleep in Asian patients with overactive bladder. Urology, 2014. 83: 750.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24518285

578.Yokoyama, O., et al. Efficacy of solifenacin on nocturia in Japanese patients with overactive bladder: impact on sleep evaluated by bladder diary. J Urol, 2011. 186: 170.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21575976

579.Johnson, T.M., 2nd, et al. The effect of doxazosin, finasteride and combination therapy on nocturia in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol, 2007. 178: 2045.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869295

580.Oelke, M., et al. Impact of dutasteride on nocturia in men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH): a pooled analysis of three phase III studies. World J Urol, 2014. 32: 1141.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24903347

581.Oelke, M., et al. Effects of tadalafil on nighttime voiding (nocturia) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a post hoc analysis of pooled data from four randomized, placebo-controlled clinical studies. World J Urol, 2014. 32: 1127.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24504761

582.Drake, M.J., et al. Melatonin pharmacotherapy for nocturia in men with benign prostatic enlargement. J Urol, 2004. 171: 1199.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14767300

583.Reynard, J.M., et al. A novel therapy for nocturnal polyuria: a double-blind randomized trial of frusemide against placebo. Br J Urol, 1998. 81: 215.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9488061

584.Falahatkar, S., et al. Celecoxib for treatment of nocturia caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Urology, 2008. 72: 813.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18692876

585.Sigurdsson, S., et al. A parallel, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to investigate the effect of SagaPro on nocturia in men. Scand J Urol, 2013. 47: 26.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23323790

586.Fotovat, A., et al. The effect of Melatonin on Improving the benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Urinary Symptoms, a Randomized Clinical Trial. Urol J, 2022. 19: 406.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34746997

587.D’Ancona, C., et al. The International Continence Society (ICS) report on the terminology for adult male lower urinary tract and pelvic floor symptoms and dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn, 2019. 38: 433.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30681183

588.Helfand, B.T., et al. Prevalence and Characteristics of Urinary Incontinence in a Treatment Seeking Male Prospective Cohort: Results from the LURN Study. J Urol, 2018. 200: 397.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29477718

589.Shamliyan, T.A., et al. Male urinary incontinence: prevalence, risk factors, and preventive interventions. Rev Urol, 2009. 11: 145.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19918340

590.Hester, A.G., et al. Male Incontinence: The Etiology or Basis of Treatment. Eur Urol Focus, 2017. 3: 377.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29249687

591.Herschorn, S., et al. A population-based study of urinary symptoms and incontinence: the Canadian Urinary Bladder Survey. BJU Int, 2008. 101: 52.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17908260

592.Espuna-Pons, M., et al. [Prevalence of urinary incontinence in Catalonia, Spain]. Med Clin (Barc), 2009. 133: 702.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19656535

593.Hampel, C., et al. Epidemiology and etiology of male urinary incontinence. Urologe A, 2010. 49: 481.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20376650

594.Hsu, L.N., et al. Metabolic Syndrome and Overactive Bladder Syndrome May Share Common Pathophysiologies. . Biomedicines, 2022. 10.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36009505

595.Dumoulin C., et al. Adult conservative managemen. Incontinence: 7th International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI) 2023.

https://www.ics.org/ici7

596.Sato, Y., et al. Simple and reliable predictor of urinary continence after radical prostatectomy: serial measurement of urine loss ratio after catheter removal. Int J Urol, 2014. 21: 647.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24612261

597.Shy, M., et al. Objective Evaluation of Overactive Bladder: Which Surveys Should I Use? Curr Bladder Dysfunct Rep, 2013. 8: 45.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23439804

598.Arcila-Ruiz, M., et al. The Role of Urodynamics in Post-Prostatectomy Incontinence. Curr Urol Rep, 2018. 19: 21.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29479637

599.Bruschini, H., et al. Urinary incontinence following surgery for BPH: the role of aging on the incidence of bladder dysfunction. Int Braz J Urol, 2011. 37: 380.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21756386

600.Porena, M., et al. Voiding dysfunction after radical retropubic prostatectomy: more than external urethral sphincter deficiency. Eur Urol, 2007. 52: 38.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17403565

601.Al-Zahrani, A.A., et al. Association of symptoms with urodynamic findings in men with overactive bladder syndrome. BJU Int, 2012. 110: E891.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22928556

602.Clement, K.D., et al. Urodynamic studies for management of urinary incontinence in children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2013. 2013: Cd003195.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24166676

603.Cardozo, L., et al., Incontinence 7th Edition. ICI-ICS. 2023, Bristol UK.

604.Gacci, M.A.-O.X., et al. Latest Evidence on Post-Prostatectomy Urinary Incontinence. J Clin Med, 2023. 12.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36769855

605.Moore, K.C., et al. Management of male urinary incontinence. Indian J Urol, 2010. 26: 236.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20877603

606.Soljanik, I., et al. [Imaging for urinary incontinence]. Urologe A, 2015. 54: 963.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26162272

607.Wyman, J.F., et al. Practical aspects of lifestyle modifications and behavioural interventions in the treatment of overactive bladder and urgency urinary incontinence. Int J Clin Pract, 2009. 63: 1177.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19575724

608.Breyer, B.N., et al. Intensive lifestyle intervention reduces urinary incontinence in overweight/obese men with type 2 diabetes: results from the Look AHEAD trial. J Urol, 2014. 192: 144.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24533998

609.Imamura, M., et al. Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015. 2015: CD003505.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26630349

610.Townsend, M.K., et al. Fluid intake and risk of stress, urgency, and mixed urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2011. 205: 73 e1.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21481835

611.Hashim, H., et al. Management of fluid intake in patients with overactive bladder. Curr Urol Rep, 2009. 10: 428.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19863853

612.Hannestad, Y.S., et al. Are smoking and other lifestyle factors associated with female urinary incontinence? The Norwegian EPINCONT Study. BJOG, 2003. 110: 247.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12628262

613.Bryant, C.M., et al. Caffeine reduction education to improve urinary symptoms. Br J Nurs, 2002. 11: 560.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11979209

614.Chughtai, B., et al. Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence in Home Hospice Patients. Eur Urol, 2019. 75: 268.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30482670

615.Held, F., et al. Polypharmacy in older adults: Association Rule and Frequent-Set Analysis to evaluate concomitant medication use. Pharmacol Res, 2017. 116: 39.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27988385

616.Schnelle, J.F., et al. A controlled trial of an intervention to improve urinary and fecal incontinence and constipation. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2010. 58: 1504.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20653804

617.Brazzelli, M., et al. Absorbent products for containing urinary and/or fecal incontinence in adults. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs, 2002. 29: 45.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11810074

618.Fader, M., et al. Absorbent products for urinary/faecal incontinence: a comparative evaluation of key product designs. Health Technol Assess, 2008. 12: iii.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18547500

619.Jahn, P., et al. Types of indwelling urinary catheters for long-term bladder drainage in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012. 10: CD004997.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23076911

620.Hunter, K.F., et al. Long-term bladder drainage: Suprapubic catheter versus other methods: a scoping review. Neurourol Urodyn, 2013. 32: 944.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23192860

621.Prieto, J., et al. Catheter designs, techniques and strategies for intermittent catheterisation: What is the evidence for preventing symptomatic UTI and other complications? A Cochrane systematic review. Eur Urol Suppl, 2014. 13: e762.

http://lib.ajaums.ac.ir/booklist/1-s2.0-S156990561460751X-main.pdf

622.Macaulay, M., et al. A trial of devices for urinary incontinence after treatment for prostate cancer. BJU Int, 2015. 116: 432.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25496354

623.Eustice, S., et al. Prompted voiding for the management of urinary incontinence in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2000. 2000: CD002113.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10796861

624.Flanagan, L., et al. Systematic review of care intervention studies for the management of incontinence and promotion of continence in older people in care homes with urinary incontinence as the primary focus (1966-2010). Geriatr Gerontol Int, 2012. 12: 600.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22672329

625.Ostaszkiewicz, J., et al. Habit retraining for the management of urinary incontinence in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2004. 2004: CD002801.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15106179

626.Rai, B.P., et al. Anticholinergic drugs versus non-drug active therapies for non-neurogenic overactive bladder syndrome in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012. 12: CD003193.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23235594

627.Anderson, C.A., et al. Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015. 1: CD001843.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25602133

628.Kannan, P., et al. Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Alone and in Combination With Biofeedback, Electrical Stimulation, or Both Compared to Control for Urinary Incontinence in Men Following Prostatectomy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Phys Ther, 2018. 98: 932.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30137629

629.Sciarra, A., et al. A biofeedback-guided programme or pelvic floor muscle electric stimulation can improve early recovery of urinary continence after radical prostatectomy: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Int J Clin Pract, 2021. 75: e14208.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33811418

630.Fernández Ra Fau - García-Hermoso, A., et al. Improvement of continence rate with pelvic floor muscle training post-prostatectomy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Urol Int, 2015. 94: 125.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25427689

631.Khorrami, M.-H., et al. Single session pre-operative pelvic floor muscle training with biofeedback on urinary incontinence and quality of life after radical prostatectomy: A randomized controlled trial. Urological Science, 2023. 34: 23.

https://www.e-urol-sci.com/article.asp?issn=1879-5226;year=2023;volume=34;issue=1;spage=23;epage=27;aulast=Khorrami;type=0

632.Zhou, L., et al. Preoperative pelvic floor muscle exercise for continence after radical prostatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health, 2023. 11: 1186067.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37588123

633.Goonewardene, S.S., et al. A systematic review of PFE pre-prostatectomy. J Robot Surg, 2018. 12: 397.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29564692

634.Marchioni, M., et al. Conservative management of urinary incontinence following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Minerva Urol Nefrol, 2020. 72: 555.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32432436

635.Dubbelman, Y., et al. The recovery of urinary continence after radical retropubic prostatectomy: a randomized trial comparing the effect of physiotherapist-guided pelvic floor muscle exercises with guidance by an instruction folder only. BJU Int, 2010. 106: 515.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20201841

636.Moore, K.N., et al. Return to continence after radical retropubic prostatectomy: a randomized trial of verbal and written instructions versus therapist-directed pelvic floor muscle therapy. Urology, 2008. 72: 1280.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18384853

637.Goode, P.S., et al. Behavioral therapy with or without biofeedback and pelvic floor electrical stimulation for persistent postprostatectomy incontinence: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 2011. 305: 151.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21224456

638.Glazener, C., et al. Urinary incontinence in men after formal one-to-one pelvic-floor muscle training following radical prostatectomy or transurethral resection of the prostate (MAPS): two parallel randomised controlled trials. Lancet, 2011. 378: 328.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21741700

639.Anan, G., et al. Preoperative pelvic floor muscle exercise for early continence after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate: a randomized controlled study. BMC Urol, 2020. 20: 3.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31973706

640.Gomes, C.S., et al. The effects of Pilates method on pelvic floor muscle strength in patients with post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence: A randomized clinical trial. Neurourol Urodyn, 2018. 37: 346.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28464434

641.Heydenreich, M., et al. Does trunk muscle training with an oscillating rod improve urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy? A prospective randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil, 2020. 34: 320.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31858823

642.Soto Gonzalez, M., et al. Early 3-month treatment with comprehensive physical therapy program restores continence in urinary incontinence patients after radical prostatectomy: A randomized controlled trial. Neurourol Urodyn, 2020. 39: 1529.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32442334

643.Farzinmehr, A., et al. A Comparative Study of Whole Body Vibration Training and Pelvic Floor Muscle Training on Women’s Stress Urinary Incontinence: Three- Month Follow- Up. J Family Reprod Health, 2015. 9: 147.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27047560

644.Wang, C., et al. Extended nursing for the recovery of urinary functions and quality of life after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer, 2018. 26: 1553.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29196816

645.Pané-Alemany, R., et al. Efficacy of transcutaneous perineal electrostimulation versus intracavitary anal electrostimulation in the treatment of urinary incontinence after a radical prostatectomy: Randomized controlled trial. Neurourol Urodyn, 2021. 40: 1761.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34224598

646.Berghmans, B., et al. Electrical stimulation with non-implanted electrodes for urinary incontinence in men. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2013: CD001202.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23740763

647.Lim, R., et al. Efficacy of electromagnetic therapy for urinary incontinence: A systematic review. Neurourol Urodyn, 2015. 34: 713.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25251335

648.Wallace, P.A., et al. Sacral nerve neuromodulation in patients with underlying neurologic disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2007. 197: 96 e1.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17618775

649.Yang, J.A.-O., et al. Effect of pelvic floor muscle training on urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: An umbrella review of meta-analysis and systematic review. Clin Rehabil, 2022. 37: 494.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36305082

650.Civic, D., et al. Re: Randomized trial of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus sham efficacy in the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome: results from the SUmiT trial: K. M. Peters, D. J. Carrico, R. A. Perez-Marrero, A. U. Khan, L. S. Wooldridge, G. L. Davis and S. A. MacDiarmid J Urol 2010; 183: 1438-1443. J Urol, 2011. 185: 362; author reply 362.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21092997

651.Ramírez-García, I., et al. Efficacy of transcutaneous stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve compared to percutaneous stimulation in idiopathic overactive bladder syndrome: Randomized control trial. Neurourol Urodyn, 2019. 38: 261.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30311692

652.Booth, J., et al. The effectiveness of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) for adults with overactive bladder syndrome: A systematic review. Neurourol Urodyn, 2018. 37: 528.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28731583

653.Wang, M., et al. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for overactive bladder syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urogynecol J, 2020. 31: 2457.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32681345

654.Chapple, C., et al. Superiority of fesoterodine 8 mg vs 4 mg in reducing urgency urinary incontinence episodes in patients with overactive bladder: results of the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled EIGHT trial. BJU Int, 2014. 114: 418.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24552358

655.Kaplan, S.A., et al. Efficacy and safety of fesoterodine 8 mg in subjects with overactive bladder after a suboptimal response to tolterodine ER. Int J Clin Pract, 2014. 68: 1065.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24898471

656.Bianco, F.J., et al. A randomized, double-blind, solifenacin succinate versus placebo control, phase 4, multicenter study evaluating urinary continence after robotic assisted radical prostatectomy. J Urol, 2015. 193: 1305.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25281778

657.Yang, R., et al. Efficacy of solifenacin in the prevention of short-term complications after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. J Int Med Res, 2017. 45: 2119.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28661264

658.Chapple, C.R., et al. Mirabegron in overactive bladder: a review of efficacy, safety, and tolerability. Neurourol Urodyn, 2014. 33: 17.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24127366

659.Maman, K., et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of medical treatments for the management of overactive bladder: a systematic literature review and mixed treatment comparison. Eur Urol, 2014. 65: 755.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24275310

660.MacDiarmid, S., et al. Mirabegron as Add-On Treatment to Solifenacin in Patients with Incontinent Overactive Bladder and an Inadequate Response to Solifenacin Monotherapy. J Urol, 2016. 196: 809.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27063854

661.Su, S., et al. The efficacy and safety of mirabegron on overactive bladder induced by benign prostatic hyperplasia in men receiving tamsulosin therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore), 2020. 99: e18802.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31977871

662.Kotecha, P., et al. Use of Duloxetine for Postprostatectomy Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review. Eur Urol Focus, 2021. 7: 618.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32605820

663.Toia, B., et al. Bulking for stress urinary incontinence in men: A systematic review. Neurourol Urodyn, 2019. 38: 1804.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31321804

664.Imamoglu, M.A., et al. The comparison of artificial urinary sphincter implantation and endourethral macroplastique injection for the treatment of postprostatectomy incontinence. Eur Urol, 2005. 47: 209.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15661416

665.Sacco E, B.R.G.C.V.L.B.P. 43rd Annual Congress of the Italian Urodynamic Society, Rome, Italy, 13th-15th June 2019. Neurourol Urodyn, 2019. 38 Suppl 2: S4.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31179575

666.Nguyen, L., et al. The use of urethral bulking injections in post-prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence: A narrative review of the literature. Neurourol Urodyn, 2019. 38: 2060.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31432568

667.Choinière, R., et al. Evaluation of Benefits and Harms of Surgical Treatments for Post-radical Prostatectomy Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol Focus, 2021. 8: 1042.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34563480

668.Kowalik, C.R., et al. Results of an innovative bulking agent in patients with stress urinary incontinence who are not optimal candidates for mid-urethral sling surgery. Neurourol Urodyn, 2018. 37: 339.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28452427

669.Stothers, L., et al. Delayed hypersensitivity and systemic arthralgia following transurethral collagen injection for stress urinary incontinence. J Urol, 1998. 159: 1507.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9554343

670.Malizia, A.A., Jr., et al. Migration and granulomatous reaction after periurethral injection of polytef (Teflon). Jama, 1984. 251: 3277.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6374180

671.Pannek, J., et al. Particle migration after transurethral injection of carbon coated beads for stress urinary incontinence. J Urol, 2001. 166: 1350.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11547072

672.Cornel, E.B., et al. Can advance transobturator sling suspension cure male urinary postoperative stress incontinence? J Urol, 2010. 183: 1459.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20172561

673.Zeif, H.-J., et al. The Male Sling for Post-Radical Prostatectomy Urinary Incontinence: Urethral Compression versus Urethral Relocation or What is Next? British Journal of Medical and Surgical Urology, 2010. 3: 134.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875974210000248

674.Bole, R., et al. Narrative review of male urethral sling for post-prostatectomy stress incontinence: sling type, patient selection, and clinical applications. Transl Androl Urol, 2021. 10: 2682.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34295753

675.Chen, Y.C., et al. Surgical treatment for urinary incontinence after prostatectomy: A meta-analysis and systematic review. PLoS One, 2017. 12: e0130867.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28467435

676.Guacheta Bomba, P.L., et al. Effectiveness of surgical management with an adjustable sling versus an artificial urinary sphincter in patients with severe urinary postprostatectomy incontinence: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ther Adv Urol, 2019. 11: 1756287219875581.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31632464

677.Abrams, P., et al. Outcomes of a Noninferiority Randomised Controlled Trial of Surgery for Men with Urodynamic Stress Incontinence After Prostate Surgery (MASTER). Eur Urol, 2021. 79: 812.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33551297

678.Cornu, J.N., et al. Mid-term evaluation of the transobturator male sling for post-prostatectomy incontinence: focus on prognostic factors. BJU Int, 2011. 108: 236.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20955265

679.Grabbert, M., et al. Extended follow-up of the AdVance XP male sling in the treatment of male urinary stress incontinence after 48 months: Results of a prospective and multicenter study. Neurourol Urodyn, 2019. 38: 1973.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31297894

680.Husch, T., et al. The AdVance and AdVanceXP male sling in urinary incontinence: is there a difference? World J Urol, 2018. 36: 1657.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29728764

681.Malval, B., et al. Long-term outcomes of I-Stop TOMS male sling implantation for post-prostatectomy incontinence management. Prog Urol, 2017. 27: 1084.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097039

682.Silva, L.A.D., et al. Adjustable sling for the treatment of post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence: systematic review and meta-analysis. Einstein (Sao Paulo), 2019. 17: eRW4508.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31553360

683.Bauer, R.M., et al. Results of the AdVance transobturator male sling after radical prostatectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy. Urology, 2011. 77: 474.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21167563

684.Wright, H.C., et al. Transobturator sling for post-prostatectomy incontinence: radiation’s effect on efficacy/satisfaction. Can J Urol, 2017. 24: 8998.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28971786

685.Meisterhofer, K., et al. Male Slings for Postprostatectomy Incontinence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol Focus, 2020. 6: 575.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30718160

686.Gill, B.C., et al. Patient perceived effectiveness of a new male sling as treatment for post-prostatectomy incontinence. J Urol, 2010. 183: 247.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19913826

687.Rehder, P., et al. The 1 year outcome of the transobturator retroluminal repositioning sling in the treatment of male stress urinary incontinence. BJU Int, 2010. 106: 1668.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20518761

688.Navalon-Monllor, V., et al. Long-term follow-up for the treatment of male urinary incontinence with the Remeex system. Actas Urol Esp, 2016. 40: 585.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27237411

689.Shamout, S., et al. Short-term evaluation of the adjustable bulbourethral male sling for post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence. Low Urin Tract Symptoms, 2019. 11: O111.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29869450

690.Esquinas, C., et al. Effectiveness of Adjustable Transobturator Male System (ATOMS) to Treat Male Stress Incontinence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Ther, 2019. 36: 426.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30560525

691.Lima, J.P., et al. Argus T® versus Advance® Sling for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence: A randomized clinical trial. Int Braz J Urol, 2016. 42: 531.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27286117

692.Kim, J. Abstracts of the 35th Annual Congress of the Italian Urodynamics Society. June 9011, 2011. Turin, Italy. Neurourol Urodyn, 2011. 30 Suppl 1: 1.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21661030

693.Bochove-Overgaauw, D.M., et al. An adjustable sling for the treatment of all degrees of male stress urinary incontinence: retrospective evaluation of efficacy and complications after a minimal followup of 14 months. J Urol, 2011. 185: 1363.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21334683

694.Dalpiaz, O., et al. Mid-term complications after placement of the male adjustable suburethral sling: a single center experience. J Urol, 2011. 186: 604.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21684559

695.Loertzer, H., et al. Retropubic vs transobturator Argus adjustable male sling: Results from a multicenter study. Neurourol Urodyn, 2020. 39: 987.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32125722

696.Angulo, J.C., et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing Adjustable Transobturator Male System (ATOMS) and Adjustable Continence Therapy (ProACT) for male stress incontinence. PLoS One, 2019. 14: e0225762.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31790490

697.Hubner, W.A., et al. Adjustable bulbourethral male sling: experience after 101 cases of moderate-to-severe male stress urinary incontinence. BJU Int, 2011. 107: 777.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20964801

698.Muhlstadt, S., et al. Five-year experience with the adjustable transobturator male system for the treatment of male stress urinary incontinence: a single-center evaluation. World J Urol, 2017. 35: 145.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27156092

699.Cestari, A., et al. Retropubic Intracorporeal Placement of a Suburethral Autologous Sling During Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy to Improve Early Urinary Continence Recovery: Preliminary Data. J Endourol, 2015. 29: 1379.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26131781

700.Kojima, Y., et al. Bladder neck sling suspension during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy to improve early return of urinary continence: a comparative analysis. Urology, 2014. 83: 632.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24387929

701.Cestari, A., et al. Simple vs six-branches autologous suburethral sling during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy to improve early urinary continence recovery: prospective randomized study. J Robot Surg, 2017. 11: 415.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28078523

702.Nguyen, H.G., et al. A Randomized Study of Intraoperative Autologous Retropubic Urethral Sling on Urinary Control after Robotic Assisted Radical Prostatectomy. J Urol, 2017. 197: 369.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27693447

703.Kretschmer, A., et al. Surgical Treatment of Male Postprostatectomy Incontinence: Current Concepts. Eur Urol Focus, 2017. 3: 364.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29174616

704.Ostrowski, I., et al. Preliminary outcomes of the European multicentre experience with the ZSI 375 artificial urinary sphincter for treatment of stress urinary incontinence in men. Cent European J Urol, 2019. 72: 263.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31720028

705.Lima, S.V.C., et al. Artificial sphincter “BR - SL - AS 904” in the treatment of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: efficacy, practicality and safety in a prospective and multicenter study. Int Braz J Urol, 2018. 44: 1215.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30325613

706.Suh, Y.S., et al. Long-term outcomes of primary implantation and revisions of artificial urinary sphincter in men with stress urinary incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn, 2017. 36: 1930.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28169469

707.Collado Serra, A., et al. Prospective follow-up study of artificial urinary sphincter placement preserving the bulbospongiosus muscle. Neurourol Urodyn, 2017. 36: 1387.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27654121

708.Viers, B.R., et al. Long-Term Quality of Life and Functional Outcomes among Primary and Secondary Artificial Urinary Sphincter Implantations in Men with Stress Urinary Incontinence. J Urol, 2016. 196: 838.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26997310

709.Léon, P., et al. Long-term functional outcomes after artificial urinary sphincter implantation in men with stress urinary incontinence. BJU Int, 2015. 115: 951.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24958004

710.Trigo Rocha, F., et al. A prospective study evaluating the efficacy of the artificial sphincter AMS 800 for the treatment of postradical prostatectomy urinary incontinence and the correlation between preoperative urodynamic and surgical outcomes. Urology, 2008. 71: 85.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18242371

711.Lai, H.H., et al. Urodynamic testing in evaluation of postradical prostatectomy incontinence before artificial urinary sphincter implantation. Urology, 2009. 73: 1264.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19371935

712.Queissert, F., et al. High/low-volume center experience predicts outcome of AMS 800 in male stress incontinence: Results of a large middle European multicenter case series. Neurourol Urodyn, 2020. 39: 1856.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32567709

713.Dosanjh, A., et al. A national study of artificial urinary sphincter and male sling implantation after radical prostatectomy in England. BJU Int, 2020. 125: 467.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31755624

714.Llorens, C., et al. Urinary artificial sphincter ZSI 375 for treatment of stress urinary incontinence in men: 5 and 7 years follow-up report. Urologia, 2017. 84: 263.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28525665

715.Srivastava, A., et al. Causes of Artificial Urinary Sphincter Failure and Strategies for Surgical Revision: Implications of Device Component Survival. Eur Urol Focus, 2019. 5: 887.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29545058

716.Dupuis, H.G.A., et al. Early Efficacy and Safety Outcomes of Artificial Urinary Sphincter for Stress Urinary Incontinence Following Radical Prostatectomy or Benign Prostatic Obstruction Surgery: Results of a Large Multicentric Study. Eur Urol Focus, 2021. 8: 1053.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34548254

717.Van der Aa, F., et al. The artificial urinary sphincter after a quarter of a century: a critical systematic review of its use in male non-neurogenic incontinence. Eur Urol, 2013. 63: 681.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23219375

718.Queissert, F., et al. Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Size Predicts Outcome in Male Patients Treated for Stress Incontinence: Results of a Large Central European Multicenter Cohort Study. Int Neurourol J, 2019. 23: 219.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31607101

719.Kaiho, Y., et al. Surgical and Patient Reported Outcomes of Artificial Urinary Sphincter Implantation: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study. J Urol, 2018. 199: 245.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28823767

720.Sacco, E., et al. Artificial urinary sphincter significantly better than fixed sling for moderate post-prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence: a propensity score-matched study. BJU Int, 2021. 127: 229.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32744793

721.Larson, T., et al. Adjustable continence therapy (ProACT) for the treatment of male stress urinary incontinence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurourol Urodyn, 2019. 38: 2051.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31429982

722.Crivellaro, S., et al. Adjustable continence therapy (ProACT) and bone anchored male sling: Comparison of two new treatments of post prostatectomy incontinence. Int J Urol, 2008. 15: 910.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18761534

723.Martens, F.M., et al. ProACT for stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. Urol Int, 2009. 82: 394.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19506404

724.Roupret, M., et al. Management of stress urinary incontinence following prostate surgery with minimally invasive adjustable continence balloon implants: functional results from a single center prospective study. J Urol, 2011. 186: 198.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21575974

725.Herschorn, S., et al. Surgical treatment of stress incontinence in men. Neurourol Urodyn, 2010. 29: 179.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20025026

726.Gilling, P.J., et al. An adjustable continence therapy device for treating incontinence after prostatectomy: a minimum 2-year follow-up. BJU Int, 2008. 102: 1426.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18564132

727.Hubner, W.A., et al. Treatment of incontinence after prostatectomy using a new minimally invasive device: adjustable continence therapy. BJU Int, 2005. 96: 587.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16104915

728.Duthie, J.B., et al. Botulinum toxin injections for adults with overactive bladder syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2011: CD005493.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22161392

729.Mangera, A., et al. Contemporary management of lower urinary tract disease with botulinum toxin A: a systematic review of botox (onabotulinumtoxinA) and dysport (abobotulinumtoxinA). Eur Urol, 2011. 60: 784.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21782318

730.Nitti, V.W., et al. OnabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of patients with overactive bladder and urinary incontinence: results of a phase 3, randomized, placebo controlled trial. J Urol, 2013. 189: 2186.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23246476

731.Drake, M.J., et al. Comparative assessment of the efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA and oral therapies (anticholinergics and mirabegron) for overactive bladder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BJU Int, 2017. 120: 611.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28670786

732.Chughtai, B., et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled pilot study of intradetrusor injections of onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of refractory overactive bladder persisting following surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Can J Urol, 2014. 21: 7217.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24775575

733.Faure Walker, N.A., et al. Onabotulinum toxin A Injections in Men With Refractory Idiopathic Detrusor Overactivity. Urology, 2019. 123: 242.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30266377

734.Bels, J., et al. Long-term Follow-up of Intravesical Onabotulinum Toxin-A Injections in Male Patients with Idiopathic Overactive Bladder: Comparing Surgery-naïve Patients and Patients After Prostate Surgery. Eur Urol Focus, 2020. 7: 1424.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32919951

735.Herschorn, S., et al. The Efficacy and Safety of OnabotulinumtoxinA or Solifenacin Compared with Placebo in Solifenacin Naïve Patients with Refractory Overactive Bladder: Results from a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Phase 3b Trial. J Urol, 2017. 198: 167.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28161352

736.Lozano-Ortega, G., et al. The Relative Efficacy and Safety of Mirabegron and OnabotulinumtoxinA in Patients With Overactive Bladder who Have Previously Been Managed With an Antimuscarinic: A Network Meta-analysis. Urology, 2019. 127: 1.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30790650

737.Cui, Y., et al. Botulinum toxin-A injections for idiopathic overactive bladder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Urol Int, 2013. 91: 429.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23970316

738.Mateu Arrom, L., et al. Treatment Response and Complications after Intradetrusor OnabotulinumtoxinA Injection in Male Patients with Idiopathic Overactive Bladder Syndrome. J Urol, 2020. 203: 392.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31479408

739.He, Q., et al. Treatment for refractory overactive bladder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of sacral neuromodulation and onabotulinumtoxinA. Int Urogynecol J, 2021. 32: 477.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32661556

740.Tutolo, M., et al. Efficacy and Safety of Sacral and Percutaneous Tibial Neuromodulation in Non-neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction and Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Eur Urol, 2018. 73: 406.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29336927

741.Venn, S.N., et al. Long-term results of augmentation cystoplasty. Eur Urol, 1998. 34 Suppl 1: 40.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9705554

742.Awad, S.A., et al. Long-term results and complications of augmentation ileocystoplasty for idiopathic urge incontinence in women. Br J Urol, 1998. 81: 569.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9598629

743.El-Azab, A.S., et al. The satisfaction of patients with refractory idiopathic overactive bladder with onabotulinumtoxinA and augmentation cystoplasty. Arab J Urol, 2013. 11: 344.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26558103

744.Cody, J.D., et al. Urinary diversion and bladder reconstruction/replacement using intestinal segments for intractable incontinence or following cystectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012. 2012: CD003306.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22336788

745.Hoen, L., et al. Long-term effectiveness and complication rates of bladder augmentation in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction: A systematic review. Neurourol Urodyn, 2017. 36: 1685.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28169459

746.Chapple, C.R., et al. The underactive bladder: a new clinical concept? Eur Urol, 2015. 68: 351.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25770481

747.Kuo, H.C. Videourodynamic analysis of pathophysiology of men with both storage and voiding lower urinary tract symptoms. Urology, 2007. 70: 272.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17826488

748.Wang, C.C., et al. Videourodynamics identifies the causes of young men with lower urinary tract symptoms and low uroflow. Eur Urol, 2003. 43: 386.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12667720

749.Abarbanel, J., et al. Impaired detrusor contractility in community-dwelling elderly presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms. Urology, 2007. 69: 436.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17382138

750.Thomas, A.W., et al. The natural history of lower urinary tract dysfunction in men: minimum 10-year urodynamic follow-up of untreated detrusor underactivity. BJU Int, 2005. 96: 1295.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16287448

751.Groen, J., et al. Summary of European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines on Neuro-Urology. Eur Urol, 2016. 69: 324.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26304502

752.Osman, N.I., et al. Detrusor underactivity and the underactive bladder: a new clinical entity? A review of current terminology, definitions, epidemiology, aetiology, and diagnosis. Eur Urol, 2014. 65: 389.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24184024

753.Vale, L., et al. Pathophysiological mechanisms in detrusor underactivity: Novel experimental findings. Low Urin Tract Symptoms, 2019. 11: 92.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30864243

754.Fusco, F., et al. Progressive bladder remodeling due to bladder outlet obstruction: a systematic review of morphological and molecular evidences in humans. BMC Urol, 2018. 18: 15.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29519236

755.Osman, N.I., et al. Detrusor Underactivity and the Underactive Bladder: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Eur Urol, 2018. 74: 633.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30139634

756.Gammie, A., et al. Signs and Symptoms of Detrusor Underactivity: An Analysis of Clinical Presentation and Urodynamic Tests From a Large Group of Patients Undergoing Pressure Flow Studies. Eur Urol, 2016. 69: 361.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26318706

757.Matsukawa, Y., et al. Development of an artificial intelligence diagnostic system for lower urinary tract dysfunction in men. Int J Urol, 2021. 28: 1143.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34342055

758.Namitome, R., et al. A Prediction Model of Detrusor Underactivity Based on Symptoms and Noninvasive Test Parameters in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: An Analysis of a Large Group of Patients undergoing Pressure-Flow Studies. J Urol, 2020. 203: 779.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31647388

759.Kim, A., et al. Novel symptom questionnaire for the differential diagnosis of detrusor underactivity and bladder outlet obstruction in men. Aging Male, 2019. 22: 150.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29985721

760.Lee, K.S., et al. Does uroflowmetry parameter facilitate discrimination between detrusor underactivity and bladder outlet obstruction? Investig Clin Urol, 2016. 57: 437.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27847918

761.Wada, N., et al. Uroflowmetry pattern in detrusor underactivity and bladder outlet obstruction in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Low Urin Tract Symptoms, 2021. 13: 361.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33648017

762.Rademakers, K.L., et al. Ultrasound detrusor wall thickness measurement in combination with bladder capacity can safely detect detrusor underactivity in adult men. World J Urol, 2017. 35: 153.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27447991

763.van Koeveringe, G.A., et al. Detrusor underactivity: a plea for new approaches to a common bladder dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn, 2011. 30: 723.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21661020

764.Smith, P.P., et al. Detrusor underactivity and the underactive bladder: Symptoms, function, cause-what do we mean? ICI-RS think tank 2014. Neurourol Urodyn, 2016. 35: 312.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26872574

765.Donkelaar, S.C., et al. Comparison of three methods to analyze detrusor contraction during micturition in men over 50 years of age. Neurourol Urodyn, 2017. 36: 2153.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28346712

766.Jeong, S.J., et al. How do we diagnose detrusor underactivity? Comparison of diagnostic criteria based on an urodynamic measure. Investig Clin Urol, 2017. 58: 247.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28681034

767.Moran, E., et al. Evolution of male patients with detrusor underactivity and conservative treatment. Five-year follow-up. Actas Urol Esp (Engl Ed), 2021. 45: 83.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33012591

768.Fowler, C.J., et al. The neural control of micturition. Nat Rev Neurosci, 2008. 9: 453.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18490916

769.Ladi-Seyedian, S., et al. Management of non-neuropathic underactive bladder in children with voiding dysfunction by animated biofeedback: a randomized clinical trial. Urology, 2015. 85: 205.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25444633

770.Bates, T.S., et al. Is the conservative management of chronic retention in men ever justified? BJU Int, 2003. 92: 581.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14511038

771.Liao, L., et al. Randomized controlled trial of intravesical electrical stimulation for underactive bladder. BJU Int, 2023. 131: 321.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36084065

772.Huber, E.R., et al. [The value of intravesical electrostimulation in the treatment of acute prolonged bladder overdistension]. Urologe A, 2007. 46: 662.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17356837

773.Shen, Y.C., et al. Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Pilot Study of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Detrusor Underactivity/Underactive Bladder. Eur Urol Focus, 2023. 9: 524.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36437222

774.Coolen, R.L., et al. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation to Treat Idiopathic Nonobstructive Urinary Retention: A Systematic Review. Eur Urol Focus, 2021. 7: 1184.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33268327

775.Moro, C., et al. The effectiveness of parasympathomimetics for treating underactive bladder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurourol Urodyn, 2022. 41: 127.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34816481

776.Barendrecht, M.M., et al. Is the use of parasympathomimetics for treating an underactive urinary bladder evidence-based? BJU Int, 2007. 99: 749.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17233798

777.Yamanishi, T., et al. Combination of a cholinergic drug and an alpha-blocker is more effective than monotherapy for the treatment of voiding difficulty in patients with underactive detrusor. Int J Urol, 2004. 11: 88.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14706012

778.Buckley, B.S., et al. Drugs for treatment of urinary retention after surgery in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2010: Cd008023.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20927768

779.Hindley, R.G., et al. Prostaglandin E2 and bethanechol in combination for treating detrusor underactivity. BJU Int, 2004. 93: 89.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14678375

780.Santos-Pereira, M., et al. Understanding underactive bladder: a review of the contemporary literature. Porto Biomed J, 2020. 5: e070.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32734011

781.Onur, R., et al. Sacral neuromodulation in patients with detrusor underactivity: Is biological sex an indicator? Neurourol Urodyn, 2022. 41: 847.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35181913

782.Paick, J.S., et al. Influence of bladder contractility on short-term outcomes of high-power potassium-titanyl-phosphate photoselective vaporization of the prostate. Urology, 2007. 69: 859.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17482922

783.Monoski, M.A., et al. Urodynamic predictors of outcomes with photoselective laser vaporization prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and preoperative retention. Urology, 2006. 68: 312.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16904443

784.Lee, K.H., et al. Recovery of Voiding Efficiency and Bladder Function in Male Patients With Non-neurogenic Detrusor Underactivity After Transurethral Bladder Outlet Surgery. Urology, 2019. 123: 235.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30308261

785.Mitchell, C.R., et al. Efficacy of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate in patients with non-neurogenic impaired bladder contractility: results of a prospective trial. Urology, 2014. 83: 428.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24231217

786.Zhu, Y., et al. Detrusor underactivity influences the efficacy of TURP in patients with BPO. Int Urol Nephrol, 2021. 53: 835.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33386583

787.van Kerrebroeck, P.E., et al. Results of sacral neuromodulation therapy for urinary voiding dysfunction: outcomes of a prospective, worldwide clinical study. J Urol, 2007. 178: 2029.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17869298

788.Chan, G.A.-O., et al. Evaluation of pre-operative bladder contractility as a predictor of improved response rate to a staged trial of sacral neuromodulation in patients with detrusor underactivity. World J Urol, 2021. 39: 2113.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32725304

789.Chen, S.F., et al. Will detrusor acontractility recover after medical or surgical treatment? A longitudinal long-term urodynamic follow-up. Neurourol Urodyn, 2021. 40: 228.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33053242